cognitive approach

Question 1

What are the main assumptions of the cognitive approach?

Answer 1

-internal mental processes should be studied scientifically
-private processes that cant be observed, so we we study them indirectly by making inferences about what is happening in the mind

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of the computer model?

Answer 2

-input
-processing
-output

Question 3

what is input

Answer 3

From the environment via the senses

Question 4

What is processing?

Answer 4

Processing is information that is encoded and processed using schemas

Question 5

What is output?

Answer 5

Out put is observable behaviour or action

Question 6

What is information processing approach?

Answer 6

-information flows through a cognitive system based on the way a computer functions

Question 7

What are the 3 steps of the information processing approach

Answer 7

input
storage
retrieval

Question 8

Cognitive development

Answer 8

-Piaget- stages of cognitive development to reflect a child’s thought process
- the information processing approach sees children’s minds as computes that gradually develop

Question 9

Mood disorders

Answer 9

-Beck argued that depression is caused by faulty thinking
-Ellis believes that emotional and behavioural disorders develop because of irrational beliefs

Question 10

Education

Answer 10

• apply information processing approach to improve educational techniques

Question 11

What is a schema?

Answer 11

A schema is a packet of information based on beliefs and expectations developed from past experiences which help us organise and interpret information

Question 12

Outline the research conducted by Bujalski and Alampy

Answer 12

-Two groups of participants shown a sequence of pictures, faces or animals
-Then they was all shown the rat man
-Group who saw animals saw the rat and the group who saw people saw the man

Question 13

How do schemas explain the rat man experiment?

Answer 13

Schemas were used to identify the image based on the images participants were exposed to in their environment

Question 14

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 14

Cognitive neuroscience is the study of the influence of the brain structures on mental processes using brain scanning techniques such as FMRI.

Question 15

What does neuroscience aim to do?

Answer 15

Neuroscience aims to find out how the brain structures influence the way we process information and map mental cognitive functions to specific areas of the brain

Question 16

What are examples of brain mapping?

Answer 16

Brevet et el. found that when participants were performing activities involving the central executive while being scanned the prefrontal cortex showed greater activity. This suggests that the central executive is situated in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 17

What are some strengths of the cognitive approach?

Answer 17

-uses objective scientific methods
-big influence on the development of therapies
-founded on soft determinism

Question 18

What are some weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

Answer 18

-machine reductionist
-relies on the inference of mental processes, rather than the observation of behaviour. to abstract