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Psychology > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the psychodynamic approach developed by

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What is the iceberg model

A

A = conscious mind -> everything you are currently thinking about
B = pre conscious mind -> everything you are not currently thinking about
C = unconscious mind -> what we can never access when awake
(A + B easily accessible)

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3
Q

Key assumption of psychodynamic approach

A

Most of our behaviour is caused by unconscious mind

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4
Q

What 3 parts is our personality made up of

A

Tripartite structure
1. ID
2. SUPER EGO
3. EGO

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5
Q

What is the ID

A
  • unconscious
  • impulses + urges
  • wants instant gratification
  • responsible for most of our behaviour
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6
Q

What is the SUPER EGO

A
  • unconscious, Preconscious + conscious
  • morals + following rules
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7
Q

What is the EGO

A
  • conscious + pre conscious
  • mediates + compromises between ID + SUPER EGO
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8
Q

Which personality is the most powerful and why

A

Unconscious = less powerful than conscious
ID powerful > EGO

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9
Q

What is a defence mechanism

A
  • used by ego to help balance between super ego + id
  • unconscious
  • ensure ego is able to prevent us from being overwhelmed by traumas
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10
Q

Name the 3 defence mechanisms

A
  1. Displacement
  2. Repression
  3. Denial
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11
Q

What is displacement

A

Redirects ID’s impulses towards towards something else (neutral person/ object

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12
Q

What is repression

A

Pushing away/down unpleasant memories into unconscious mind

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13
Q

What is denial

A

Ego gives into id, refusing to believe it has

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14
Q

What is are the 5 psychosexual stages

A
  1. Oral stage
  2. Anal stage
  3. Phallic stage
  4. Latent stage
  5. Genital stage
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15
Q

Describe the first psychosexual stage

A

ORAL :
* birth - 18 months
* mouth = focus of pleasure + instant gratification
* impulse to eat

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16
Q

What is oral fixation

A
  • overly dependant
  • habits = smoking, biting nails
17
Q

Described the 2nd psychosexual stage

A

ANAL STAGE:
* 18months - 3yrs
* anus = main focus of pleasure + urge for instant gratification
* Impulse is to poo

18
Q

What are the fixations of the anal stage

A

Anal retentive = nervous about using toilet during potty training
-neatness, perfection, organised
Anal explosive = keen to go toilet during potty training
- messy,

19
Q

Describe the 3rd psychosexual stage

A

PHALLIC STAGE
* 3-6yrs
* Oedipus complex
* electra complex
* fixation = over ambition, narcism, jealousy, anxious, impulsivity

20
Q

What is the Oedipus complex

A

= boys become sexually attracted/ close to mother + jealous of father
- fear of castration = castration anxiety

21
Q

What is the electra complex

A

= girls become sexually attracted to father + experience penis envy
- fear losing mothers love

22
Q

Describe the 4th psychosexual stage

A

LATENT
* 6-12 yrs
* earlier conflicts become repressed

23
Q

Describe the last psychosexual stage

A

GENITAL
* 12 yrs
* genitals= focus of pleasure
* sexual desires become conscious with onset puberty

24
Q

Final fixation

A

-> all stages successfully completed = sexually matured + mentally healthy
-> if not, difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

25
Q

What is a psychological fixation

A

When repressed psychological trauma affects behaviour

26
Q

Little Hans - case study method + findings

A
  1. Dad observed, wrote down behaviour + description of dreams
  2. Hans curious about own penis, Freud believed he was in phallic stage
  3. Hans sexually attracted to mum + jealous of father
  4. Redirected unconscious fear of father through displacement
27
Q

Little Hans - Evaluation

A

+ little Hans fit Freuds model of psychosexual stages
- case study -> results not generalisable to other ppl
- self report -> not based on any objective, empirical evidence
- non experimental method -> doesn’t test cause and effect

28
Q

Strengths of psychodynamic approach

A

+ Freud was 1 of first psychologists to investigate psychological causes for psychological disorders
+ strikes balance between idiographic + nomothetic
-> idiographic = case studies focus on individual experiences
-> nomothetic = proposes general theories about behaviour (tripartite personality)

29
Q

What is psychic determinism

A

When repressed trauma in the unconscious mind determines our behaviour

30
Q

Weaknesses of psychodynamic approach

A
  • psychic determinism
  • gender.bias -> freuds concept of penis envy assumes girls want same things boys want
  • isn’t scientific -> not based on empirical evidence = aren’t falsifiable
    -> research relies on case studies = lack population validity+ generalisability

Psychology (17 decks)

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