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Psychology > Biological Approach > Flashcards

Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological approach assumptions

A
  • biological factors are main cause of behaviour
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2
Q

Body is made up of … each containing …

A

Cells = 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell

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3
Q

DNA is

A

= A chain of 2 or more nucleotides joined together
- each cell has exactly the same DNA

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4
Q

DNA is divided into segments called… which control

A

Genes = control production of 1 specific protein

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5
Q

What are Alleles

A

Different versions of a particular gene, explains why ppl look different

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6
Q

What is genetic variation

A

= when a gene has different possible alleles

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7
Q

Sex cells

A

Woman = eggs
Men = sperms
- contain 23 chromosomes until reproduction when egg and sperm meet making 46 in total

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8
Q

What is genetic inheritance

A

When traits are passed down from parent to child

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9
Q

What is a genotype

A

= Description of all genes + alleles in body -> inherited from parents

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10
Q

What is a phenotype

A

= Persons traits (physical + physiological)
- controlled by both genotype and environmental factors

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11
Q

What do genes do

A

Control production of proteins = keep us alive + control our physical characteristics
Determine behaviour by affecting processes inside brain

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12
Q

What has the bigger impact on behaviour

A

Environmental factors than physical traits

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13
Q

Monozygotic twins

A
  • identical twins
  • share 100% of DNA
  • come from 1 zygote which splits into 2 identical zygotes
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14
Q

Dizygotic twins

A
  • non identical twins
  • share 50% of genotype
  • come from 2 different zygotes
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15
Q

What is the difference between shared and non shared environment

A

Shared = environment that a pair of twins have in common
Non shared = environment that a pair of twins don’t share in commmon

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16
Q

What is concordance

A

When 2 twins share the same phenotype

17
Q

What is concordance rate

A

= % of twins who share a characteristic given that at least one twin has the characteristic

18
Q

MZ + DZ twins have similar amounts of

A

Shared environment

19
Q

Twin studies

A

Don’t include sets of twins where neither twin has the trait we’re studying

20
Q

When does genetic variation contribute to a trait

A
  • If concordance rate for monozygotic twins is > concordance rate for dizygotic twins
  • Bigger the difference in concordance rate, the more influence genetic variation has on the trait
21
Q

McGuffin (1996) method

A

Recruited bunch of MZ + DZ twins for which at least 1 twin has depression

22
Q

McGuffin (1996): found

A
  • if 1 MZ twin has major depression, 46% chance other twin had depression too
    Concordance rate = 46%
  • if 1 DZ twin had major depression, 20% chance other twin had depression too
    Concordance rate = 20%
23
Q

McGuffin (1996): conclusion

A

~ genetic variation contributes to depression as concordance rate for MZ twins was bigger that for DZ twins
~ environmental factors still play a role in depression as concordance rate was not 100%
-> major depression is partially influenced by genetics

24
Q

McGuffin (1996): limitations

A
  • MZ twins might share more of their environment than DZ twins as they tend to be treated more similarly = bigger concordance rate in MZ twins might be partly caused by more similar environment
25
Q

What is evolution

A

= When species gradually changes over many generations

26
Q

What is natural selection

A

= When traits which increase chance for survival are passed onto future generations + species gradually adapt to their environment
* species genotype is determined by natural selection

27
Q

What happens after DNA mutates

A

Creates a new/different version of the gene, new gene allele is created can happen during reproduction
-> when it happens over many generations, more likely to survive + reproduce passing on allele to future generations

28
Q

How do natural selection/evolution shape our behaviour

A

-> causes have certain genes that control processes in Brain
-> processes in brain causes behaviour

29
Q

What is biological determinism

A

Behaviour is determined by biological factors, such as our genetics

30
Q

Limitations of biological approach

A
  • overly reductionist = ignores social + cultural causes of behaviour
  • biologically deterministic = don’t have ability to change/improve
    -> Not held accountable for behaviour / can be excused/ can be discriminated
31
Q

Strengths of biological approach

A

+ help understand + treat mental disorders/genetically inherited conditions
+ very scientific = gather objective + empirical data
-> control extraneous variables
-> can test cause + effect relationship
-> standardised procedure = easily replicated

Psychology (17 decks)

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