Approaches

Question 1

who is Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 1

• “the father of psychology” 1879 Germany
• Set up worlds first lab for experimental psychology
• separated psychology from philosophy analysed workings of the mind in a more structured way, emphasis being on objective measures +control

Question 2

Who is Sigmund Freud?

Answer 2

1900, established the psychodynamic approach + influence of unconscious mind on behaviour. developed own therapy for depression “psychoanalysis”

Question 3

who is John Watson + Skinner

Answer 3

1913, behaviourist approach, criticised Freud + Wundt as should restrict itself to studying phenomena that can be observed + measured, introspection =subjective. believe all behaviour is learnt(through experiences + environment), observable behavioural

Question 4

Who is Carl Rogers + Abraham Maslow?

Answer 4

1950, humanistic approach. rejected behaviourism + psychodynamic approach, behaviour was not determined by individuals. Humanists =free will +self determination

Question 5

what happened in 1960?

Answer 5

Cognitive approach, intro of computers, studying mental processes more scientific way than Wundts introspection. how mind works, basis of lab exp

Question 6

what happened in 1980?

Answer 6

Biological approach( dominant scientific approach in psychology) advances in technology(MRI scans)=increased understanding of brain+biological

Question 7

who is Bandura

Answer 7

1960,social learning theory, provides bridge between behaviourism + cognitive psychology

Question 8

what happened in 2000s?

Answer 8

cognitive neuroscience, distinct discipline bringing together cognitive +biological approaches(influence mental state?)

Question 9

What is Introspection?

Answer 9

“looking into”, examination into human mind using objective methods +examine conscious thoughts

Question 10

how does introspection work?

Answer 10

Subjects would be presented with stimulus/activity e.g. sound/image/ problem to solve. asked to report back how it made them think or feel

Question 11

evaluation of introspection?

Answer 11

+breakthrough, established as a science, exp highly controlled in lab, gave credibility
-not accurate, pps unaware of factors that influence their choices

Question 12

What is standardisation

Answer 12

When situational variables are controlled

Question 13

Strength of wundts method

Answer 13

+ replicable = wrote down method of his study

Question 14

Weaknesses of wundts study

Answer 14

• less scientific = not directly observing anything, no empirical evidence
• lacks reliability = study replicated + results weren’t consistent