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EPPP(B) > Psychodynamic And Humanistic Therapies > Flashcards

Psychodynamic And Humanistic Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Psychodynamic psychotherapies

A
  • psychoanalysis (Freud)
  • analytical psychology (Jung)
  • individual psychology (Adler)
  • object relations
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2
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

-Deterministic and pessimistic

-Views psychological issues as being due to unconscious unresolved conflicts that arose in childhood

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3
Q

Unresolved conflicts

A
  • cause anxiety
  • caused by the divergent demands of the three aspects of personality
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4
Q

Three aspects of personality (Freud)

A

-Id

-ego

-superego

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5
Q

ID

A
  • present at birth
  • life (sexual) & death (aggression) instincts are the source of psychic energy
  • pleasure principal: instant gratification using unconscious irrational means
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6
Q

Ego

A
  • 6 months
  • reality principle
  • 6 to at least partially gratify that it’s instincts and attempts to do it in realistic, rational ways
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7
Q

Super ego

A
  • internalization of society’s values and standards
  • conscience
  • attempts to permanently block the ids instincts
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8
Q

Defense mechanisms

A
  • when the ego is unable to resolve a conflict between the id and super ego using rational means they are used
  • distort or deny reality
  • operate on a unconscious level
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9
Q

The defense mechanisms

A
  • repression
  • sublimation
  • denial
  • reaction formation
  • projection
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10
Q

Repression

A
  • the basis of all defense mechanisms
  • involuntary
  • keeping undesirable thoughts and urges out of conscious awareness
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11
Q

Denial

A
  • immature defense mechanism

– refusing to acknowledge distressing aspects of reality

  • ignoring distorting and rejecting reality
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12
Q

Reaction formation

A
  • expressing the opposite of a unacceptable impulse
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13
Q

Projection

A
  • attributing and an acceptable impulse to another person
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14
Q

Sublimation

A
  • channeling and unacceptable impulse into a social desirable/ admirable one
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15
Q

Use of defense mechanisms

A
  • occasional use is adaptive
  • repeated reliance blocks you from resolving conflicts that are causing anxiety
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16
Q

Goals of Freudian psychoanalysis

A
  • Make the unconscious conscious
  • strengthen the ego so behavior is based in reality unless on insexual cravings and irrational guilt
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17
Q

Primary technique of psychoanalysis

A
  • analysis: free associations, dreams, resistance, and transference
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18
Q

The four steps of analysis

A
  • confrontation
  • clarification
  • interpretation
  • working through
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19
Q

Confrontation

A
  • helping the client recognize behaviors they are unaware of and possible causes
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20
Q

Clarification

A
  • separates important details from extraneous material to bring cause of behaviors into sharper focus
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21
Q

Interpretation

A
  • explicitly linking conscious behaviors to unconscious processes
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22
Q

Working through

A
  • repeated interpretation leads to catharsis and insight into the connection between unconscious material and current behavior which leads to working through
  • gradual process where client accepts an integrates new insights into their life
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23
Q

Catharsis

A

Experience of repressed emotions

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24
Q

Analytical psychology

A

-jung

  • believes behavior is driven by both positive and negative forces
  • personality continues and develop through the lifespan
  • behavior is affected by the past and future
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25
Q

The unconscious according to Jung

A
  • personal unconscious
  • collective unconscious
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26
Q

Personal unconscious

A
  • own forgotten or repressed memories
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27
Q

Collective unconscious

A
  • memories that are shared by all people
  • passed down from one generation to the next
  • contain archetypes
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28
Q

Archtypes

A

-jung

  • universal thoughts and images that predispose people to act in a certain way in certain circumstances
  • expressed in myth, symbols and dreams

Persona
Shadow
Hero
Anima/animus

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29
Q

Primary goal of analytical psychotherapy

A
  • to bring unconscious material into consciousness to facilitate individuation
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30
Q

Individuation

A

Jung

  • occurs primarily in the second half of life
  • the process by which a person becomes a psychological individual that is a separate individual, unity or whole
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31
Q

Techniques of analytical psychotherapy

A
  • dream interpretation
  • analysis of transference
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32
Q

Transference according to analytical psychotherapy

A
  • due to the projection of elements of the personal and collective unconscious
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33
Q

Individual psychology

A

Adler

  • replace sexual instincts with innate social interest and desire for social connectedness
  • teleological approach that emphasizes the effects of future goals on current behavior
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34
Q

Feelings of inferiority (individual psych)

A
  • people are motivated by these
  • arising childhood in response to real or imagine. Inadequacies and by striving for superiority to overcome inferiority feelings
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35
Q

Style of life

A

Adler

  • ways a person strives for superiority
  • developed during early childhood

Healthy style of life
Mistaken style of life

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36
Q

Healthy style of life

A

Adler

  • goals reflect both concerns for personal achievement and also the well-being of others
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37
Q

Mistaken (unhealthy) style of life

A
  • goals focus on overcompensating for feelings of inferiority
  • reflect the lack of concern about the well-being of others
  • neurosis, psychosis, addiction, another problems are all a manifestation of a mistake in style of life
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38
Q

Primary goal of individual psychotherapy

A
  • replace mistaken style of life for a healthier more adaptive one
  • this is completed by helping the client overcome feelings of inferiority and developing stronger social interest
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39
Q

Strategies used in individual psychotherapy

A
  • identifying early recollections
  • dream analysis
  • having client act as if they’re the person they want to be
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40
Q

Object relations

A
  • behavior is motivated primarily by a desire for human relationships
  • focuses on the impact of early relationships between a child and primary caregivers. (Objects) has on future relationships
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41
Q

Object constancy

A
  • the development of mental representations( introjects) of the self and objects that allow an individual to value an object for reasons other than its ability to satisfy their individual needs
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42
Q

Mahler

A
  • the development of object constancy takes place in three stages
  • normal autistic stage
  • normal symbiotic stage
  • Separation individuation stage
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43
Q

Normal autistic stage

A

Mahler

  • occurs during the first weeks of life
  • infants are totally self-absorbed and unaware of the external environment
44
Q

Normal symbiotic stage

A

Mahler

  • infants become aware of their external environment but are unable to differentiate themselves from their caregivers
45
Q

Separation individuation stage

A

Mahler

  • 5 months of age until 3
  • for sub stages, during which object constancy develops
46
Q

The four substages of object constancy

A
  • differentiation
  • practicing
  • reapproachment
  • beginning of object constancy
47
Q

The cause of psychological problems according to object relations

A
  • problems during the separation individuation process that cause a pervasive failure of object constancy
48
Q

Primary goal of object relations

A
  • provide clients with the corrective reparenting experience in order to replace meladaptive introgex with more adaptive ones, thereby improving current relationships
49
Q

Strategies used in object relations

A
  • empathetic acceptance
  • psychoanalytic strategies including analysis of resistance and transference
50
Q

Phenomenological orientation

A
  • prioritize a clients subjective experience over objective reality
51
Q

Similarities of humanistic and existential therapies

A
  • both focus on here and now
  • adoptive phenomenological orientation
  • reject the medical model and use of clinical labels
  • concentrate on a client’s internal qualities and perspective rather than symptoms
52
Q

Humanistic therapies

A
  • emphasize acceptance and growth
  • help client become more fully functioning and self-actualizing
53
Q

Types of humanistic therapies

A
  • person centered
  • Gestalt therapy
54
Q

Existential therapies

A
  • emphasize freedom and responsibility
  • help a client confront anxieties that arise from awareness of ones existential condition and cultivate authentic engagement with one’s world
55
Q

Person centered therapy

A

Rogers

  • assumes all people have an innate drive towards self-actualization which motivates them to their full potential
  • the drive towards self-actualization can be throated when a person experiences and congruence between their self-concept and experience
56
Q

Conditions of worth

A

Rogers person centered therapy

  • source of incongruence
  • a car when people provide a child with love and acceptance only when they behave a certain way
57
Q

Reactions to incongruence

A

Rogers

  • reacts defensively by distorting or denying their experience which causes psychological mileage adjustment
58
Q

Primary goal of person centered therapy

A
  • to help the client become a fully functioning person who is not defensive, is open to new experiences, and engage in the process of self-actualization
59
Q

Three facilitative (core and) conditions

A

Rogers person centered

  • empathy
  • unconditional positive regard
  • congruence
60
Q

Empathy

A

Person centered therapy

  • understanding the client’s perspective and communicating that understanding
61
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Person centered therapy

  • valuing and accepting the client as a person
62
Q

Congruence

A

Person centered therapy

  • being genuine, authentic, and honest
63
Q

Assumptions of Gestalt therapy

A
  • people are motivated to maintain a state of homeostasis which gets repeatedly disrupted by our unfulfilled, physical and psychological needs
  • We seek to obtain something from the environment to meet our unsatisfied needs in order to restore homeostasis
64
Q

Neurosis ( Gestalt)

A
  • maladjustment
  • occurs when there is a persistent disturbance in the boundary between the person and the environment, that interferes with their ability to meet their need
65
Q

Boundary disturbance

A

-Gestalt

  • introjection
  • projection
  • retroflection
  • deflection
    -confluence
66
Q

Introjection

A

Gestalt
- people adopt the beliefs, standards, or values of others without evaluation or awareness

67
Q

Projection

A

Gestalt

  • a tribute undesirable aspects of themselves onto other people
68
Q

Retroflection

A

Gestalt

  • due to yourself what you would like to do to others
69
Q

Deflection

A

Gestalt

  • avoid contact with the environment
70
Q

Confluence

A

Gestalt

  • people blur the distinction between themselves and others
71
Q

Curative factor of therapy according to Gestalt

A

Gaining awareness of one’s current thoughts, feelings, and actions

72
Q

Strategies used in Gestalt therapy

A
  • DreamWork
  • empty chair technique
73
Q

Dream work (Gestalt)

A
  • having the clients role play parts of their dream that represent disowned parts of the client’s personality
74
Q

Empty chair technique

A

Gestalt

  • client interacts with opposing aspects of their personality or to resolve unfinished business with a significant person in their past or present
75
Q

Transference (Gestalt)

A
  • therapist do not foster or interpret the client’s transference, but helps the client distinguish between their transference fantasy and reality
76
Q

Existential therapies

A
  • derived from existential philosophy

-Yalom, May, Frankl

  • emphasize personal responsibility and choice
77
Q

The assumption of existential therapy

A
  • each person must ultimately define their personal experience
78
Q

Psychological disturbances according to existential therapy

A
  • our result of the inability to resolve conflicts that arise when facing for ultimate concerns of existence
  • death
  • freedom
  • isolation
  • meaninglessness
79
Q

Two types of anxiety according to existential therapy

A
  • normal (existential) anxiety
  • neurotic anxiety
80
Q

Normal (existential) anxiety

A
  • existential therapy
  • in proportion to the object of threat, does not involve oppression, and can be constructively identified, and confront the conditions that elicit it and motivates positive change
81
Q

Neurotic anxiety

A

Existential

  • disproportionate to the objective threat, involves repression, and keeps people from reaching their full potential
82
Q

The goal of therapy and existential therapies

A
  • help clients lead more authentic lives by assisting them in taking charge of their life, helping them choose for themselves the values and purposes that will define and guide their existence and supporting them in actions that express is values and purposes
83
Q

The most important therapeutic tool in existential therapies

A
  • authentic therapist-client relationship
84
Q

Therapeutic strategies used in existential therapies

A
  • questioning
  • interpretation
  • reframing
85
Q

Reality therapy

A

Glasser

  • based on choice theory
  • people have five basic innate needs and the ways the person chooses to fulfill these needs to determine whether or not they have a successor failure identity
86
Q

5 innate needs

A

Reality therapy

  • love and belonging!
  • power
  • fun
  • freedom
  • survival
87
Q

Success identity

A

Reality therapy

  • when a person chooses to fulfill their needs responsibly, i.e in a positive constructive ways that do not infringe on the rights of others
88
Q

Failure identity

A

Reality therapy

  • person chooses to fulfill their needs irresponsibly ie in a negative destructive way that infringes on the rights of others and doesn’t always get what they want
89
Q

Primary goal of reality therapy

A

To replace the client’s failure identity with a success identity by helping the client assume responsibilities for their actions and adopting more appropriate ways to fulfill their needs

90
Q

WDEP system

A

Reality therapy

W=wants & needs

D= determine what they are currently doing to foster awareness of their behavior

E= encourage the client to evaluate their own behaviors

P= help the client create a plan of action

91
Q

Positive psychology

A
  • valued subjective experience, well-being, contentment, and satisfaction in the past, hope and optimism for the future and the flow of happiness and the present
92
Q

Positive psychology

A
  • is about valued subjective experiences: well being, contentment, and satisfaction in the past with hope and optimism for the future and a flow of happiness and the present

Past/present/future

93
Q

Important characteristic or positive psychology

A
  • It uses the scientific method to evaluate its theories, concepts, and interventions

Ex. Researchers have investigated positive emotions by evaluating an effectiveness of interventions aimed on increasing happiness and have investigated positive health by studying how positive emotions contribute to & sustain physical health

94
Q

Important component of positive psychology

A

Seligmam’s PERMA model

95
Q

PERMA model

A
  • positive psychology
  • describe the five essential elements of well-being

Positive emotions
Engagement
Relationships
Meaning
Accomplishment- achievement

96
Q

Positive emotions

A

Positive psychology/PERMA model

  • experiencing pleasure, hope, gratitude, love, and other positive emotions
97
Q

Engagement

A

Positive psychology/PERMA model

  • being truly engaged in situations or tasks

– characterized by a state of flow,

98
Q

Flow

A

Perma model

  • being totally immersed in an activity accompanied by a high level of joy in a sense of fulfillment
99
Q

Relationships

A

Positive psychology/PERMA model

  • HAVING POSITIVE AND MEANINGFUL INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
100
Q

Meaning

A
  • positive psychology/ PERMA model
  • being dedicated to a cause that’s bigger than oneself
101
Q

Accomplishment- achievement

A

Positive psychology/ perma model

  • striving to be better and accomplish your goals
102
Q

Personal construct therapy

A

Kelly

  • focuses on how people construe (perceived, interpret, and anticipate) events
  • people can change the way they construe events to alleviate and desirable behaviors and outcomes
103
Q

Construing

A

Kelly

  • involves the use of personal constructs which are bipolar dimensions of meaning that arise from a person’s experiences and may operate on an unconscious or conscious level
104
Q

Personal constructs

A

Kelly

  • fair/ unfair
  • friend/ enemy
  • relevance/ irrelevant
105
Q

Strategies of personal construct therapy

A
  • plain and therapist work is partners to help the client identify and replace maladaptive personal constructs
106
Q

Therapy strategies and personal construct therapy

A
  • fixed role therapy: helps the client try out alternative personal constructs
  • the client role plays a fictional character that is described by the therapist and to construes events in alternative ways

EPPP(B) (13 decks)

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