psychodynamic Flashcards
beifley state what the psychodynamic states?
includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particulary the unconscious, and between the diffrent structures of personality
who came up with it and their lifespan?
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
what was Freud the founding father of?
Psychoanalysis
what does the psychodynamic approach likens the mind to..
an iceberg. only a small proportion of our mental processes are in out conscious mind
what are the two roles of the unconscious mind>
a resoviour for disturbing memories from childhood
a resoviour for biological drives,desires and instincts
what is the preconcious?
things we could be aware of if we wanted of tried
what is the unconscious?
thing we are unaware and cannot become aware of
what are the three parts of the personality ?what is this known as?
ego,superego and id
the tri-partite personality
when do each of the tri-partite personality form?
ID is formed first
Ego- developed in early childhood
Superego- age 7
what is the ego?
executive mediating between the id’s impulses and the superegos inhibitions
testing reality
rational
operates mainley at a conscious level but also at a preconsious
what is the supereego?
ideals and morals. Striving for perfection
incorporated from parents, becomes a persons conscious
operates mostly at a preconscious level
what is the id?
basic impulses(sex and aggresion)
seeking immediate gratification
impulsive and irrational
operates at an unconscious level
what are ego defence mechanisms?
when the ego experiences upsetting, painful or disturbing unconscious thoughts of conflicts, it uses defence mechanisms to stop these from becoming conscious
what is repression?
keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious
thoughts that are often repressed are those that would result in feelings of guilt from the superego
what is denial/?
a refusual to accept reality. thus blocking external events from awarness if a situation is just too much too handle. the person may respond by refusing to perceive it or denying that ut exists
what is displacement?
a person redirects a negative emotion for its original source to a less threatening reciptent
Oral
when and describe
0-2 years
mouth is the focal source of sensation and is the way in which the child expresses sexual energy
Anal
when and describe
2-3 years
the begining of ego development as the child becomes aware of the damnds of reality and the need to conform to society.The major issue iss toilet training as the child learnes the explosion of bodily waste
phallic
when and describe
3-6 years
sexual energy is now focoused on the genital. the major conflict at this age is the Oedipus complex in which the male child unconsciously wishes to posses his and get rid of his father. As a result of his desire, boys experience castration anxiety. In an attemot to solve this problem the child identitifies with his father
latent
when and describe
6-puberty(typically 12)
child developes mastery of world around them.During this stage the conflicts and issues of the previous stage are repressed with the consequence that the child is unable to remember their early years
genital
when and describe
puberty and onwards(12+)
the culmination of psychosexual development and the fixing of sexual energy on the genitals.This eventually directs us towards sexual intercouse and the beginings of adult life
what happens if the child is overindulged or under gratified at a certain stage?
they will become fixated at that stage which can lead to effects on adult behaviour and personality
what supporting case study is their?
little Hans(1909)
outline little hans?
Hans had a phobia of horses.
During his correspondences with Freud, Hans’ father reported some of the following information about his son: Just before the age of three, Hans started to develop an active interest in his ‘widdler’ and he started to masturbate. This caused his mother to threaten to send for Dr A. to cut it off. At three and a half Hans’ sister Hanna was born; he resented her and hoped she would drown in the bath. A short time afterwards Hans developed a fear of white horses and being bitten by them. This seemed to relate to two key incidents: Firstly, overhearing a man say to his child “Don’t put your finger to the white horse or it will bite you”; secondly, seeing a horse that was pulling a carriage fall down. As a result, Hans’ phobia was generalised to carts and buses.
It was also reported that before and after the development of the phobia, Hans was anxious that his mother would leave and he experienced fantasies including one about a giraffe, two plumber fantasies and finally a parenting fantasy.
Han was experiencing the opedius complex
obsessesion with penis=phallic stage
