⭐️ psychodynamic✅

Question 1

the role of the unconscious:

• what did freud call the part of our brain were aware of?
• what is most of our mind made up if? what does this have an influence on?
• what things does the unconscious mind contain? how can this be accessed.

Answer 1

• the concious mind
• unconscious mind, has an influence on our behaviour and personalty
• repressed, disturbing memories that can e accessed through dreams or slips of the tongue (parapraxes)

Question 2

the structure of the personality:

• what are the 3 parts of the psyche explained by freud? explain them

Answer 2

• id, ego, superego

id= pleasure principle, gets what it wants

ego= reality principle, reduces conflict between id and superego

superego= morality principle, recognise behaviour is wrong, copies same sex parent behav.

Question 3

psychosexual stages:

• what is this?
• what happened if one isn’t resolved?

Answer 3

• freud said the children are growing up and developing, they must go through 5 stages, each has a conflict that just be resolve in order to move the next
• unresolved conflict lads to fixation bc the child becomes stuck and carries certain behaviours associated with this stage in their adult life.

Question 4

psychosexual stages:

explain the stages and what happens if left unresolved

Answer 4

1️⃣ oral- focus of pleasure is the mouth → if left unresolved can led to oral fixations such as nail biting or smoking

2️⃣ anal- focus of pleasure is fun the anus, child giant pleasure from withholding or expelling faeces → can lead to becoming anal retentive (obsessive) or anal expulsive (messy)

3️⃣ phallic - focus of pleasure is in the genital area → phalllic personality, reckless and narcissistic.

4️⃣ latency - earlier conflicts are repressed.

5️⃣ genital - sexual desires become concious at onset of puberty → difficulty forming hetrosexual relationships

Question 5

defence mechanisms:

• what are defence mechanisms?
• why can they be considered as bad?

what are the 3 types?

Answer 5

• the way in which the ego balances demands of the conflict between the id and superego to ensure the ego is able to prevent us from becoming overwhelmed by temporary threats or trauma
• they often involve a distortion of reality so as a long term solution they’re regarded as psychologically unhealthy and undesirable

1- denial = refusing to accept the reality of a situation
2- displacement = moving emotion onto an inferior alternative
3- repression = making a memory inaccessible to unconsciousness

Question 6

AO3:

✅ 2 strengths

❌ 2 limitations

Answer 6

✅ introduced the idea of psychotherapy - freud brought about psychoanalysis for treating mental disorders psychologically rather then physically

✅Freuds theory has the ability to explain human behaviour - been used to explain things such as moral development, personality development, gender identity and the origins of psychological disorders.

❌ has a lot of untestable concepts such as the unconscious mind (id & Oedipus complex) its not open to empirical testing and the possibility of being disproved

❌ not generalisable, Freuds studies were based of individuals, such as little Hans, which makes it difficult to make overall claims about human behaviour

therefore Freuds theory was pseudoscientific (not a real science) rather than an established fact

PSYCHIC DETERMINISITC