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Criminology 310 > PSYCHOCRIMINOLOGY Chapter 1 > Flashcards

PSYCHOCRIMINOLOGY Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Just-world Hypothesis.

A

Things do not happen to people without reason that is not closely related to their own actions.

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2
Q

2 Types of just-worlders.

A
  • belief in personal just-world
  • belief in general just-world
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3
Q

Belief in PERSONAL just-world.

A

Belief that you usually get what you deserve.

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4
Q

Belief in GENERAL just-world is associated with…

A

Less compassion for others, or victims of crimes.

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5
Q

Scientific theories are based on 2 things.

A

Logic and Research.

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6
Q

Define scientific theory.

A

A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and proportions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena.

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7
Q

A scientific theory of CRIME should thus…

A

Provide a general explanation that connects many social, economic, and psychological variables to criminal behaviour.

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8
Q

What is the process of theory testing known as?

A

Theory Verification.

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9
Q

Differentiate between Theory Verification & Falsification.

A
  • Theory verification is when propositions of a theory are tested through observation and analysis.
  • Falsification is the result if any proposition of a theory is not verified.
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10
Q

What is the primary purpose of theories of crime?

A

It is to determine the causes / precursors of criminal behaviour so that criminal behaviour can be reduced or controlled.

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11
Q

Explain what is meant by “MODEL” in terms of crime theory.

A

Researchers use a graphic representation of a theory / concept to enhance its understanding.

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12
Q

Explain Classical theory.

A

Emphasizes free will as a core concept. People are masters of their own fate.

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13
Q

Explain Deterrence theory.

A

People will avoid committing crime if the punishment is severe enough.

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14
Q

Punishment should be… (3)

A
  • swift
  • certain
  • severe enough
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15
Q

Explain Positivist theory.

A

Argues that prior experiences or influences (antecedents) determine present behaviour.
ABC’s of behaviour.

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16
Q

What are the 3 theoretical perspectives on human nature?

A
  1. The Conformity perspective
  2. The Nonconformist perspective
  3. The Learning perspective
17
Q

What does the conformist perspective believe?

A

That people are born good and generally try to do the right thing.

18
Q

What theory falls under the conformity perspective?

A

Strain theory.

19
Q

Explain Strain Theory.

A

Crime and delinquency is the result of strain between desires/ goals, and the availability of it.

20
Q

What does the Nonconformist perspective believe?

A

That human beings will try to get away with ANYTHING, including illegal conduct, unless social controls are imposed.

21
Q

What theories fall under the Nonconformist perspective?

A
  • Social control theory
  • General theory of crime
22
Q

Explain Social control theory.

A

Crime and delinquency occur when a persons ties to the normative standards of a society is weak/ nonexistent

23
Q

Who proposed the social control theory?

A

Travis Hirschi.

24
Q

Explain General theory of crime.

A

Crime and delinquency can be explained by deficits in self-control and self-regulation.

25
Q

What does the Learning perspective believe?

A

People learn behaviours, they are born neutral.

26
Q

What theories fall under the Learning perspective?

A
  • Social learning theory
  • Differential association theory
27
Q

Explain social learning theory.

A

Learning through observing a model and then imitating them.

28
Q

Explain differential association theory.

A

Behaviour is learned through social interactions with other people.

29
Q

What are the disciplinary perspectives of criminology?

A
  1. Sociological Criminology
  2. Psychological Criminology
  3. Psychiatric Criminology
30
Q

Explain Sociological Criminology.

A

The branch of criminology that examines the demographic and societal variables related to crime.

31
Q

Explain Psychological Criminology.

A

The branch of criminology that focuses on individual factors that lead to crime or antisocial behaviours.

32
Q

Name the approaches of Psychological Criminology.

A
  • Cognitive approach
  • Biological/ Neurological approach
  • Developmental approach
  • Trait approach
33
Q

Explain Psychiatric Criminology.

A

The branch of criminology which focuses on behaviour (internal thoughts and drives).
Uses DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

Criminology 310 (4 decks)

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