psychobiology of disease/ psychological disorders & interventions Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of the selye’s general adaption syndrome
Stage 1: Alarm Reaction – shift to sympathetic dominance therefore increasing arousal
Stage 2: Resistance - endocrine system releases ACTH to maintain increased arousal
Stage 3: Exhaustion – adrenals lose their ability to function normally
Give some example of Type A behaviour
Time urgency Free-floating hostility Hyper-aggressiveness Focus on accomplishment Competitive and goal-driven
What is the relationship between type A behaviour and cardiovascular health
inc risk
what is the relationship between social support and health
Individuals with adequate social relationships have a 50% greater likelihood of survival compared to those with poor or insufficient social relationships.
Social support exerts an effect beyond protective psychological role
Associated with decreased mortality
What is exposure therapy
Treat phobias through exposure to the feared CS (i.e. car) in the absence of the UCS (i.e. accident)
Response prevention is used to keep the operant avoidant response from occurring
Highly effective for reducing anxiety responses
Controversial because intense temporary anxiety is created by treatment
Influenced by both classical and operant conditioning approaches
What is cognitive therapy
Identify the nature of thoughts: they don’t have to be true to affect emotions
Learn about common biases in thoughts
Treat thoughts as “guesses” or “hypotheses” about the world
Key symptoms of depression
- difficulty concentrating
- excessive/innapropriate guilt
- depressed mood
- hopelessness
- diminished interest in activities
- recurrent thoughts of death/ suicide
- changes to appetite/sleep
- psychomotor agitation
- reduced energy
Give some exaples of psychological interventions in healthcare
Depression Social anxiety PTSD Generalised anxiety disorder OCD Bulimia Panic disorder Schizophrenia
