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Individual Differences > Psychoanalytic Theory, Practice and Implications for Assessment > Flashcards

Psychoanalytic Theory, Practice and Implications for Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Historical and Cultural Context – Discovering the Uncs

A 
Victorian era (late 1800’s)
Rationality and self control
The Copernican revolution
Darwin and evolution
Freud-unconscious forces
The scientific zeitgeist
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2
Q

The Origins of Psychoanalysis

A 
A “calling”
Traditional societies
Freud
The discovery of unconscious forces
The notion of catharsis
Wishes, resistance and repression
Jung
Object relations theorists
Kohut and self psychology
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3
Q

The Topographical Model of Mind

A
  • Conscious
  • Preconscious
  • Unconscious
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4
Q

The Psychoanalytic Method

A
  • Free association
  • Use of dreams
  • –manifest content
  • –latent content
  • Short term psychodynamic methods
  • Advances in psychodynamic practice
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5
Q

Structure of Personality

A 
Id
pleasure principle
Ego
reality principle
Superego
the ego-ideal
Relationship to consciousness
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6
Q

The Psychosexual Stages of Development

A 
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency period
Genital stage
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7
Q

Defence Mechanisms: Repression

A

Blocking a wish or desire from conscious expression

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8
Q

Defence Mechanisms:Denial

A

Refusing to believe a reality

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9
Q

Defence Mechanisms: Projection

A

Attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude or behaviour to another

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10
Q

The Psychodynamic Paradigm - Assumptions

A 
Dualistic RES COGITO
Intrapsychic theory
Psychic determinism
Unconscious determinism
Historical Principle
Determination by drive or instinct
Reductionistic
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11
Q

Modern Psychodynamic Theorists

A

Melanie Klein and contemporary Kleinian theory

Heinz Kohut and the Psychologies of Identity and Self

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12
Q

Psychodynamic- Evaluation

A
  • Reliance on individual cases
  • Difficulties of proof
  • Lack of empirical evidence
  • Person versus situation
  • Controversy in relation to treatment outcome
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13
Q

Summary –Classical Drive Theory

A

Anger and sexuality are basic drives need to be acknowledged and integrated with the ego
Anxiety - result of damming up libido (sex, aggression) or/ a natural consequence of remembering scary things.
Depression is anger turned inward; bereavement.
Remembering - an important part of treatment

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14
Q

Carl Jung and Analytical Psychology

A

Early life experience
Relationship with Freud
Professional experience

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15
Q

Nature and Structure of Personality

A
  • Psychic energy
  • The ego
  • The personal unconscious
  • -complexes
  • The collective unconscious
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16
Q

Archetypes: Persona

A

Social role or mask

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17
Q

Archetypes: Shadow

A

The unacceptable within

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18
Q

Archetypes: Anima

A

Feminine side of the male psyche

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19
Q

Archetypes: Self

A

Ultimate unity of the personality

20
Q

Psychological Types and Functions: Attitudes

A

Extraversion

Introversion

21
Q

Psychological Types and Functions: Functions

A

Sensation
Intuition
Thinking
Feeling

22
Q

Intoversion

A

direction of interest inwards towards the inner world of thoughts and feelings

23
Q

Extraversion

A

direction of interest outwards towards external objects and relationships

24
Q

The four functions

A
  • Thinking
  • Intuition
  • Sensation
  • Feeling
25
Q

Other key terms

A

Synchronicity
Individuation
Yin and Yang
Complexes

26
Q

The Analytic MethodJungian Therapy

A 
Therapeutic orientation
Role of the therapist
Dreams
Compensatory
Prospective
“Big dreams”
Amplification
Active imagination
27
Q

Object relations theorists; Interpersonal analysts

A
  • Classical drive theory is fundamentally wrong
  • Believed Freudian theory underemphasized the larger social and cultural context.
  • Conflict not from drive pressure and regulation, but from shifting and competing relational configurations
  • Configurations composed of relations between the self and others, real and imagined
28
Q

Kohut and Self Psychology

A

-The centrality of narcissism
-Pathological narcissism : a sense that everyone and everything is an extension of the self or exists to serve the self. There is a grandiose sense of self importance and need for constant attention.
-Real self and false self
Mirrowing

29
Q

Kohut

A

Narcissism
Self object
Mirrowing
Transferences

30
Q

Definition of contemporary psychoanalytic treatment

A

a sustained dialogue over time with its goal of increased awareness-and so psychological freedom – all through the medium of an intense immersion in and exploration of the relationship itself.”

31
Q

Testing for Narcissismhttp://personality-testing.info/tests/NPI/1.php

A

I like to look at myself in the mirror.
I am not particularly interested in looking at myself in the mirror.

I am going to be a great person.I hope I am going to be successful.

I am more capable than other people.There is a lot that I can learn from other people.

32
Q

Psychodynamics: A Contemporary Approach- Shedler

A
  1. Focus on affect and expression of emotion
  2. Exploration of attempts to avoid distressing thoughts and feelings
  3. Identification of recurring themes and patterns
  4. Discussion of past experience
  5. Focus on interpersonal relations
  6. Focus on therapy relationship
  7. Exploration of fantasy life
33
Q

Summary

A
  • Conscious and unconscious
  • Projection and Introjection
  • Defences
  • Projective identification
  • Repetitive interpersonal relationships
  • Assessment in context of clinical interview and history
34
Q

Projective Hypothesis

A

The assumption that personal interpretations of ambiguous stimuli must necessarily reflect the unconscious needs, motives, and conflicts of the examinee is known as the projective hypothesis (Gregory, 2007).

35
Q

Projective Method- all projective tests:

A
  • Involve the presentation of ambiguous stimuli or task, allowing the examinee considerable freedom of response.
  • Aim to evaluate underlying intrapsychic conflicts, urges, motives, etc. By allowing the subject to project these conflicts onto the ambiguous stimulus material.
  • Use ambiguous stimuli to reduce defensiveness.
36
Q

The Rorschach Psychodiadnostik

A 
Ist published in 1921
10 cards
symmetrical
presented in sequential order
increasing colour
37
Q

Hermann Rorschach 1884-1922

A

Swiss psychiatrist
Son of a painter
Studied under Bleuler
Psychoanalytical orientation
American and European therapists used and developed the test independently
Exner Comprehensive system (1993) a synthesis of 4 major American systems)

38
Q

Rorschach : Psychometric Properties

A
  • Explains 8-13 % variance in the client, compared to 23-30 % explained by MMPI (Garb et al., 1998)
  • Better inter rater reliability with the new Exner & Exner system (Exner, 1995)
  • Research (McGrath et al., 2005) found respectable reliability for the scoring system
39
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

-Morgan & Murray “need and press”
31 card (1 is blank)
-Black and white pictures
-Pictures have different subject content
-Cards for male vs boys, female vs girls and for any person.
-20 cards adminisitered (16th one is blank
-10 cards (no blank) are also used.

40
Q

CAT (Bellak & Bellak, 1949

A
  • Children Apperception Test (CAT) for ages 3-10. .
  • 10 black & white pictures
  • CAT - A
  • CAT - H
  • Supplementary form
  • Little effective psychometric validation
41
Q

TAT & CAT are scored on the basis of 10 variables:

A
  1. Main theme
  2. Main hero
  3. Main needs and drives of the hero
  4. Conception of the environment
  5. Perception of parental, contemporary and junior figure
  6. Conflicts
  7. Anxieties
  8. Defenses
  9. Adequacy of superego
  10. Integration of ego
42
Q

Drawing tests: Draw a person (Machover, 1949)

A

subject given a paper and asked to draw a person and then a figure of the oposite sex.
Also queried about who these characters are and what they are doing / thinking.

43
Q

Drawing Tests:House-tree-person (Buck, 1948)

A
  • asked to draw a house, tree and a person
  • house: family life
  • tree: experience of the outside world
  • person; interpersonal relationships.
44
Q

Semi Projective Tests

A
  • Sentence completion tests
  • ALL TASKS INVOLVE PRESENTATION TO THE SUBJECT A SENTENCE STEM, WHICH THEY ARE ASKED TO COMPLETE.
  • Content of sentence can be adapted to suit nature of information sought in clinical situation.
45
Q

Rotter Incomplete Sentence Completion Test (RISB)

A 
I  ………………………
I like ………………….
A mother………………
Marriage……………….
I  wish I had a different sort of a life .

I am a woman.

A mother is the most loving person on earth, my mother is wonderful.

Marriage is a recipe for a disaster, I have just been through one.

46
Q

Validity of Rorschach, MMPI, WAIS

A
  • Average reliability, stability, and validity of Rorschach test high
  • Reliability and stability of all three tests were acceptable and approximately equivalent.
  • Convergent-validity estimates for the Rorschach and MMPI were not significantly different, but both these estimates were lower than the estimate for the WAIS.
  • The MMPI and Rorschach can be considered to have adequate psychometric properties if used for the purpose for which they were designed and validated
47
Q

Validity of the Rorschach Test

A

The validity of individual Rorschach variables: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the comprehensive system.

Individual Differences (11 decks)

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