Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach Flashcards
What are the four major categories of counselling approaches?
- Psychodynamic
- Experiential and relationship-oriented
- Cognitive-behavioural
- Systems and postmodern
Who is the founder of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?
Sigmund Freud
What is the focus of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?
Unconscious factors that motivate behaviour
What is the main purpose of counselling theories?
- Help counsellors understand sessions
- Assist clients in understanding their problems
- Aid in case formulation
- Maintain professional status of counselling
What are the two instinctual drives according to Freud?
- Sexual drive
- Aggressive drive
What does the id represent in Freud’s model of personality?
The main source of psychic energy and instincts
How does the ego function in Freud’s model of personality?
Mediates between instinctual drives and reality
What is the role of the superego in personality according to Freud?
Source of moral code reflecting societal and parental values
Fill in the blank: Freud’s structure of personality comprises the ______, the ego, and the superego.
id
According to Freud, what does the unconscious mind store?
- Memories
- Experiences
- Needs
- Motivations
- Suppressed materials
What is anxiety defined as in Freud’s theory?
A feeling of dread from repressed feelings and memories
What are the three types of anxiety identified by Freud?
- Reality anxiety
- Neurotic anxiety
- Moral anxiety
What is the primary function of ego-defence mechanisms?
Manage anxiety and protect the ego
List three common ego-defence mechanisms.
- Repression
- Denial
- Projection
How many psychosexual stages of development did Freud propose?
Five
What are the five psychosexual stages of development?
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital
True or False: Freud believed that unmet needs in the first three psychosexual stages could lead to psychological immaturity later in life.
True
What is the primary focus of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach regarding personality development?
Deterministic model based on psychosexual development
What influenced Sigmund Freud’s development of his theories?
Scientific developments such as the works of Charles Darwin
Fill in the blank: Freud’s view of human nature is essentially ______.
deterministic
What is the primary principle governing the id?
Pleasure principle
What is the primary principle governing the ego?
Reality principle
What does the superego strive for?
Ideal/perfection
What metaphor does Freud use to describe the human mind?
An iceberg
What is the primary concern of feminist therapy?
Psychological oppression of women
Who are the co-founders of solution-focused brief therapy?
Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg
What does postmodern therapy assume about reality?
Reality is socially constructed through human interaction
What does family systems therapy emphasize?
Understanding and working with the family to change the individual
What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
How do the first three developmental stages affect personality development according to Freud?
They have a substantial impact on subsequent personality development
What may happen if a person’s needs are not met during the oral, anal, or phallic stages?
They may become stuck at these stages and act in psychologically immature ways later in life
What issues might arise from unmet needs during the oral developmental stage?
Difficulties in trusting oneself and others, hindering close relationships
What is the primary goal of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?
To make unconscious motives and materials conscious
What is the purpose of strengthening one’s ego in Psychoanalytic Therapy?
To base behavior more on reality and less on instinctual cravings or irrational guilt
What stance do therapists adopt in Psychoanalytic Therapy?
An anonymous non-judgmental stance
What is the significance of establishing a transference relationship in therapy?
It connects clients’ transference reactions to unfinished business with significant others in their past
What does transference involve?
The unconscious repetition of the past in the present
What is countertransference?
Inappropriate affect or irrational responses from therapists due to their own triggered conflicts
How can therapists manage their countertransference reactions?
By being aware of them and undergoing personal therapy and clinical supervision
What is the first technique mentioned in Psychoanalytic Counselling?
Free association
What does free association entail?
Clients say anything that comes to mind without censorship
What are the two levels of dream content according to Freud?
Latent content and manifest content
What is the task of therapists in dream analysis?
To help clients uncover latent content from manifest content
What does resistance refer to in the context of therapy?
Anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents unconscious material from surfacing
What is the function of interpretations in therapy?
To enable the ego to assimilate new material and uncover further unconscious material
What is a strength of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?
It provides a framework to understand the origins and functions of clients’ behaviors
What is a common criticism of the Psychoanalytic Counseling Approach?
It is based on upper- and middle-class values, not universally shared
What is a potential issue with Psychoanalytic Therapy for low-income clients?
They may prefer assistance with concrete issues rather than intrapsychic dynamics
What is a shortcoming regarding the empirical research of Psychoanalytic therapists?
They are generally not contributors and consumers of empirical research
What may the anonymous role of therapists negatively affect?
The therapist-client relationship
