Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Counselling Approaches Flashcards
Who are the founders of Behaviour Therapy?
B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura.
What are the four periods of development in Behaviour Therapy?
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social-cognitive theory, and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
What is the main focus of Behaviour Therapy?
Observable behaviours and the determinants of behaviours.
What is the goal of Behaviour Therapy?
To increase clients’ personal choice and establish new conditions for learning.
What is the ABC model in Behaviour Therapy?
A (Antecedent) – Events preceding behaviour, B (Behaviour) – Problematic behaviour, C (Consequence) – Events following behaviour.
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding something desirable to increase a targeted behaviour.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removing something unpleasant to increase a targeted behaviour.
What is positive punishment?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease an undesirable behaviour.
What is negative punishment?
Removing something desirable to decrease an undesirable behaviour.
Who developed systematic desensitization?
Joseph Wolpe.
What is systematic desensitization?
A technique using relaxation and gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce anxiety.
What is flooding in Behaviour Therapy?
A prolonged exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli without avoidance to reduce fear response.
What is in vivo exposure?
Exposing clients to real-life anxiety-provoking situations progressively while remaining relaxed.
What is imaginal exposure?
Clients imagine anxiety-provoking situations to reduce fear response.
Who developed progressive muscle relaxation?
Edmund Jacobson.
What is progressive muscle relaxation?
A technique that involves systematically tensing and relaxing muscles to reduce stress and anxiety.
What is the role of social skills training in Behaviour Therapy?
To help clients acquire and improve interpersonal skills.
What is self-management in Behaviour Therapy?
Teaching clients to manage their behaviours independently using goal-setting and self-monitoring.
What is the main concept of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?
People contribute to their psychological problems through rigid and extreme beliefs about events.
What is the A-B-C framework in REBT?
A (Activating event), B (Beliefs about the event), C (Consequences – emotional and behavioural reactions).
What is the goal of REBT?
To help clients replace irrational beliefs with rational ones to facilitate emotional and behavioural changes.
Who founded REBT?
Albert Ellis.
What are some cognitive methods used in REBT?
Disputing irrational beliefs, cognitive homework, bibliotherapy, changing language, psychoeducation.
What is the role of humour in REBT?
To help clients take themselves less seriously and challenge their self-defeating thoughts.
What is Rational-Emotive Imagery (REI)?
A technique where clients vividly imagine distressing situations and replace negative thoughts with rational ones.
What are shame-attacking exercises in REBT?
Exercises designed to reduce clients’ fear of social disapproval by encouraging them to engage in harmless but embarrassing activities.
What is the main principle of Cognitive Therapy (CT)?
Psychological distress is caused by faulty information processing leading to exaggerated emotional and behavioural responses.
Who founded Cognitive Therapy?
Aaron Beck.
What are cognitive distortions in CT?
Faulty thinking patterns such as overgeneralization, magnification, minimization, and dichotomous thinking.
What is cognitive restructuring in CT?
A technique to identify, challenge, and modify distorted thoughts and beliefs.
What is behavioural activation in CT?
Encouraging clients to engage in activities that improve mood and reduce depression.
What is a thought record in CT?
A tool where clients track their negative thoughts, emotions, and alternative rational responses.
What is Socratic questioning in CT?
A method where therapists ask guided questions to help clients examine and challenge their beliefs.
What is the key similarity between REBT and CT?
Both emphasize the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.
What is a major difference between REBT and CT?
REBT is more directive and confrontational, while CT uses Socratic dialogue and open-ended questioning.
What is a major strength of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?
Empirical evidence supports its effectiveness in treating a variety of mental health conditions.
What is a major shortcoming of CBT?
It tends to focus on present experiences and may neglect clients’ past experiences and unconscious factors.
How does CBT approach multicultural considerations?
By adapting interventions to clients’ cultural values and beliefs.
What is a potential ethical concern in Behaviour Therapy?
Therapists may exert control and social influence over clients’ behaviours.
How does Behaviour Therapy ensure client autonomy?
By collaboratively setting treatment goals and ensuring informed consent.
What disorders is CBT most effective for?
Depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD, and phobias.
What is a major critique of Behaviour Therapy?
It focuses too much on behaviour and not enough on emotions or insight.
What is operant conditioning?
A learning process where behaviour is shaped through rewards and punishments.
What is classical conditioning?
A learning process where an association is made between two stimuli to elicit a response.
How does exposure therapy work?
By gradually exposing clients to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety.
What is the role of the therapist in Behaviour Therapy?
To be active, directive, and use empirically validated techniques to modify behaviour.
How do therapists evaluate progress in Behaviour Therapy?
By continuously assessing behaviour change and modifying interventions as needed.
What is a functional assessment in Behaviour Therapy?
An analysis of antecedents, behaviours, and consequences to understand and modify problematic behaviours.
What is the primary goal of CBT?
To change maladaptive thoughts and behaviours to improve emotional regulation and functioning.
