Practice Exam Flashcards
A client with severe social anxiety is afraid of public speaking. Their therapist decides to use systematic desensitization. What is the first step in this process?
A) Exposing the client to a large audience immediately
B) Constructing an anxiety hierarchy and relaxation training
C) Encouraging avoidance of anxiety-provoking situations
D) Discussing past childhood traumas
B) Constructing an anxiety hierarchy and relaxation training
A therapist using Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) notices that a client often says, ‘I must be perfect in everything I do.’ How should the therapist address this belief?
A) Encourage the client to strive for perfection,
B) Challenge the irrational belief using disputing techniques
C) Ignore the statement and focus on behavioural interventions
D) Use role-playing to act out perfect scenarios
B) Challenge the irrational belief using disputing techniques
In Cognitive Therapy (CT), a therapist asks a client, ‘What evidence supports this belief? What evidence contradicts it?’ What technique is the therapist using?
A) Guided discovery
B) Thought stopping
C) Exposure therapy
D) Shame-attacking exercises
A) Guided discovery
A client with panic disorder avoids elevators due to fear of being trapped. A therapist using exposure therapy should:
A) Have the client take an elevator immediately and repeatedly (flooding)
B) Encourage the client to avoid elevators altogether
C) Gradually expose the client to increasingly anxiety-provoking elevator situations
D) Focus only on cognitive restructuring without real-life exposure
C) Gradually expose the client to increasingly anxiety-provoking elevator situations
A therapist using Behaviour Therapy wants to reinforce a child’s positive behaviour in school. Which approach would be most effective?
A) Provide immediate praise and tangible rewards when the child displays positive behaviour
B) Ignore the positive behaviour and focus only on punishing negative behaviour
C) Ask the child to reflect on their behaviour without providing reinforcement
D) Use flooding to remove the fear of school
A) Provide immediate praise and tangible rewards when the child displays positive behaviour
A client with depression frequently engages in negative self-talk. Their therapist assigns them to write down negative thoughts and develop alternative rational responses. What technique is being used?
A) Thought record
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Aversion therapy
D) Progressive muscle relaxation
A) Thought record
A CBT therapist works with a client who often interprets situations in extremes (e.g., ‘If I fail one test, I am a complete failure’). What cognitive distortion is this?
A) Catastrophizing
B) Dichotomous (Black-and-White) Thinking
C) Personalization
D) Overgeneralization
B) Dichotomous (Black-and-White) Thinking
Which of the following statements best describes how Behaviour Therapy differs from Cognitive Therapy?
A) Behaviour Therapy focuses on observable behaviour, while Cognitive Therapy focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts
B) Behaviour Therapy is only used for children, while Cognitive Therapy is for adults
C) Behaviour Therapy does not use reinforcement, while Cognitive Therapy does
D) Behaviour Therapy focuses on emotions, while Cognitive Therapy does not
A) Behaviour Therapy focuses on observable behaviour, while Cognitive Therapy focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts
A client undergoing Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) insists that they ‘must be liked by everyone.’ What is the primary goal of REBT in addressing this belief?
A) Strengthen the belief to ensure client satisfaction
B) Dispute the belief and replace it with a more rational alternative
C) Use flooding to expose the client to people who dislike them
D) Ignore the belief and focus on past childhood experiences
B) Dispute the belief and replace it with a more rational alternative
A Behaviour Therapist is working with a client who has a phobia of dogs. What approach would best align with Behaviour Therapy principles?
A) Helping the client recall past traumatic events involving dogs
B) Encouraging the client to talk about emotions related to dogs without exposure
C) Using systematic desensitization to gradually expose the client to dogs while promoting relaxation
D) Advising the client to avoid dogs completely
C) Using systematic desensitization to gradually expose the client to dogs while promoting relaxation
In a Cognitive Therapy session, a client who recently lost their job believes, ‘I will never be successful again.’ Which approach would a therapist most likely use?
A) Encourage the client to accept their failure
B) Use cognitive restructuring to challenge the irrational belief
C) Use classical conditioning to associate job searching with relaxation
D) Suggest systematic desensitization to reduce fear of job interviews
B) Use cognitive restructuring to challenge the irrational belief
Which of the following best illustrates the Behaviour Therapy concept of functional assessment?
A) Examining a client’s childhood experiences to determine the root of behavioural issues
B) Analyzing antecedents, behaviours, and consequences to understand what maintains a behaviour
C) Encouraging the client to talk about their feelings without focusing on behaviour
D) Using only medication to treat behavioural problems
B) Analyzing antecedents, behaviours, and consequences to understand what maintains a behaviour
A therapist working with a socially anxious client uses role-playing exercises to help them practice initiating conversations. What therapeutic technique is this?
A) Social skills training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Thought stopping
D) Flooding
A) Social skills training
A therapist is using cognitive therapy with a client experiencing severe self-doubt. The therapist asks, ‘What would you tell a friend in this situation?’ What is the purpose of this question?
A) To avoid discussing the client’s feelings
B) To encourage perspective-taking and cognitive restructuring
C) To reinforce negative thought patterns
D) To promote avoidance of the issue
B) To encourage perspective-taking and cognitive restructuring
Carl Rogers emphasized that the most important factor in therapy is:
A) The therapist’s technical skills
B) The use of structured interventions
C) The therapist’s attitudes and the client-therapist relationship
D) The client’s ability to follow directives
C) The therapist’s attitudes and the client-therapist relationship
Which of the following is NOT one of Carl Rogers’ core therapeutic conditions?
A) Congruence
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Accurate empathic understanding
D) Interpretation of unconscious conflicts
D) Interpretation of unconscious conflicts
A therapist practicing Person-Centred Therapy is most likely to:
A) Give direct advice to the client
B) Maintain an expert role in diagnosing the client
C) Focus on establishing a genuine and accepting relationship
D) Use structured behavioral techniques
C) Focus on establishing a genuine and accepting relationship
According to Rogers, the ‘actualizing tendency’ refers to:
A) A person’s drive toward personal growth and fulfillment
B) The therapist’s ability to direct the client’s behavior
C) The process of uncovering unconscious thoughts
D) The reinforcement of desired behaviors
A) A person’s drive toward personal growth and fulfillment
In Person-Centred Therapy, congruence means:
A) The therapist hides their true thoughts and feelings to maintain professionalism
B) The therapist is open, authentic, and transparent with the client
C) The therapist remains neutral and distant from the client
D) The therapist interprets the client’s unconscious motives
B) The therapist is open, authentic, and transparent with the client
Unconditional Positive Regard in therapy refers to:
A) Accepting the client only if they meet certain conditions
B) Valuing the client without judgment or evaluation
C) Encouraging the client to follow the therapist’s advice
D) Diagnosing the client based on their presenting issues
B) Valuing the client without judgment or evaluation
Which of the following best describes accurate empathic understanding?
A) The therapist must share personal experiences to relate to the client
B) The therapist must intellectually analyze the client’s words
C) The therapist deeply understands and reflects the client’s experiences and emotions
D) The therapist remains objective and detached
C) The therapist deeply understands and reflects the client’s experiences and emotions
A client says, ‘I feel like a failure.’ A Person-Centred therapist would most likely respond by:
A) ‘Why do you feel that way?’
B) ‘I think you need to challenge that belief.’
C) ‘You feel like a failure. Can you tell me more about that?’
D) ‘You need to focus on your strengths instead of weaknesses.’
C) ‘You feel like a failure. Can you tell me more about that?’
Which of the following would a Person-Centred therapist consider the most important aspect of therapy?
A) The therapist-client relationship
B) The use of standardized assessments
C) The therapist’s ability to diagnose mental disorders
D) The application of behavioral modification techniques
A) The therapist-client relationship
In a Person-Centred therapy session, if a therapist is being ‘congruent,’ they are:
A) Providing structured and directive advice to the client
B) Presenting an idealized version of themselves to inspire the client
C) Openly expressing their genuine feelings and thoughts in a thoughtful way
D) Avoiding emotional involvement to maintain professional distance
C) Openly expressing their genuine feelings and thoughts in a thoughtful way
Which of the following is a criticism of Person-Centred Therapy?
A) It places too much emphasis on techniques and interventions
B) It neglects the importance of the therapist’s role
C) It may not be structured enough for clients who need clear guidance
D) It focuses too much on unconscious processes
C) It may not be structured enough for clients who need clear guidance
A Person-Centred therapist is LEAST likely to:
A) Encourage self-exploration
B) Use standardized psychological assessments
C) Show empathy and acceptance
D) Avoid imposing their own values on the client
B) Use standardized psychological assessments
Person-Centred Therapy is most suitable for clients who:
A) Prefer structured guidance and directive interventions
B) Need cognitive restructuring techniques to challenge irrational thoughts
C) Are willing to engage in self-exploration and personal growth
D) Require strict behavior modification plans
C) Are willing to engage in self-exploration and personal growth
How does Person-Centred Therapy handle assessment and diagnosis?
A) It relies heavily on standardized psychological tests
B) It considers the client as the primary source of self-assessment
C) It requires therapists to provide clinical diagnoses
D) It emphasizes past childhood experiences as the main focus
B) It considers the client as the primary source of self-assessment
Which multicultural limitation might a Person-Centred therapist face?
A) Some cultures may prefer a more directive therapeutic approach
B) It does not address the unconscious mind
C) It focuses too much on research and empirical evidence
D) It is too structured and rigid for diverse cultural backgrounds
A) Some cultures may prefer a more directive therapeutic approach
According to Freud, which part of the personality operates based on the pleasure principle?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Conscious mind
A) Id
Which of the following best describes the role of the ego in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
A) It is entirely unconscious and seeks pleasure
B) It mediates between the id’s impulses and external reality
C) It serves as the moral compass of the personality
D) It functions only in the unconscious mind
B) It mediates between the id’s impulses and external reality
Freud’s theory suggests that personality develops through which of the following stages?
A) Psychosocial stages
B) Cognitive developmental stages
C) Psychosexual stages
D) Behavioural conditioning stages
C) Psychosexual stages
Which defence mechanism involves redirecting unacceptable impulses toward a safer target?
A) Repression
B) Projection
C) Displacement
D) Denial
C) Displacement
What is the primary goal of Psychoanalytic Therapy?
A) To help clients modify their behaviors through reinforcement
B) To bring unconscious material to conscious awareness
C) To focus solely on present cognitive distortions
D) To emphasize social and cultural influences on personality
B) To bring unconscious material to conscious awareness
According to Freud, which part of the mind contains repressed memories and unconscious desires?
A) Conscious
B) Preconscious
C) Unconscious
D) Superconscious
C) Unconscious
What is the role of transference in Psychoanalytic Therapy?
A) It allows clients to project feelings from past relationships onto the therapist
B) It helps the therapist dictate the client’s decisions
C) It eliminates the need for free association
D) It prevents clients from addressing childhood conflicts
A) It allows clients to project feelings from past relationships onto the therapist
Which psychoanalytic technique encourages clients to say whatever comes to mind without censorship?
A) Dream analysis
B) Interpretation
C) Free association
D) Analysis of resistance
C) Free association
Which type of anxiety, according to Freud, results from fear of violating one’s own moral standards?
A) Reality anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Moral anxiety
D) Existential anxiety
C) Moral anxiety
Which of the following is a key criticism of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?
A) It is too short-term and solution-focused
B) It lacks empirical research support
C) It overemphasizes behavioral change
D) It disregards early childhood experiences
B) It lacks empirical research support
Which ego defence mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others?
A) Sublimation
B) Projection
C) Rationalization
D) Regression
B) Projection
What is the function of interpretation in Psychoanalytic Therapy?
A) To guide clients in making immediate behavioral changes
B) To help clients make unconscious material conscious
C) To provide a directive approach to problem-solving
D) To reinforce the client’s superego
B) To help clients make unconscious material conscious
Which concept suggests that unconscious conflicts from early childhood influence adult personality?
A) Cognitive restructuring
B) Classical conditioning
C) Psychodynamic determinism
D) Humanistic self-actualization
C) Psychodynamic determinism
Which of the following best illustrates Freud’s concept of countertransference?
A) A therapist remains emotionally detached from a client
B) A therapist projects personal feelings onto a client
C) A client projects emotions onto the therapist
D) A client resists engaging in therapy
B) A therapist projects personal feelings onto a client
Which technique in psychoanalysis is used to analyze unconscious conflicts expressed in dreams?
A) Free association
B) Interpretation
C) Dream analysis
D) Systematic desensitization
C) Dream analysis
Which of the following best reflects the core belief of Person-Centred Therapy?
A) People are inherently self-directed and capable of growth
B) People need direct guidance from therapists to solve their issues
C) People’s behaviors are solely determined by external reinforcements
D) Personality is shaped by unconscious drives
A) People are inherently self-directed and capable of growth
Which of the following would a Person-Centred therapist most likely say during a session?
A) ‘You should try this new coping strategy I recommend.’
B) ‘Tell me about how you are experiencing this moment right now.’
C) ‘Your unconscious drives are influencing your behavior.’
D) ‘Let’s create a structured plan to modify your behavior.’
B) ‘Tell me about how you are experiencing this moment right now.’
According to Freud, what happens when unconscious conflicts are left unresolved?
A) They disappear over time without intervention
B) They manifest as psychological symptoms or maladaptive behaviors
C) They turn into conscious thoughts and are easily controlled
D) They only affect behavior if the superego is weak
B) They manifest as psychological symptoms or maladaptive behaviors
Which of the following best describes resistance in psychoanalysis?
A) A client’s conscious refusal to attend therapy sessions
B) A defense mechanism preventing unconscious material from surfacing
C) The therapist’s reluctance to analyze the client’s issues
D) The process of strengthening the client’s ego
B) A defense mechanism preventing unconscious material from surfacing
Which of the following is a core principle of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?
A) Thoughts influence emotions and behaviors
B) Unconscious desires shape all human behavior
C) Therapy should focus only on childhood experiences
D) Behavior change is not necessary for therapy to be effective
A) Thoughts influence emotions and behaviors
A therapist using exposure therapy to treat phobias is relying on which principle?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Dream interpretation
D) Free association
A) Classical conditioning
