Formative Assessment Flashcards
According to Corey (2017), which one of the following counselling approaches does not fall under the category of “Experiential/Relationship-Oriented” Therapies?
a. Gestalt Therapy
b. Existential Therapy
c. Adlerian Therapy
d. Person-Centred Therapy
c. Adlerian Therapy
According to Corey (2017), which one of the following counselling approaches does not fall under the category of “Cognitive-Behavioural” Approaches?
a. Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy
b. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
c. Reality Therapy
d. Behaviour Therapy
b. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
_________ was the founder of Psychoanalytic Therapy.
a. Albert Ellis
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. Carl Rogers
b. Sigmund Freud
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, what are the main determinants of why human beings behave the way they do?
a. Sexual and aggressive drives
b. Rational and irrational beliefs
c. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviours
d. Cognitive distortions
a. Sexual and aggressive drives
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, which principle is the Id governed by?
a. Reality
b. Perfection
c. Rationality
d. Pleasure
d. Pleasure
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, which principle is the Ego governed by?
a. Reality
b. Perfection
c. Rationality
d. Pleasure
a. Reality
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, which of the following is not considered a type of anxiety?
a. Reality
b. Neurotic
c. Maladaptive
d. Moral
c. Maladaptive
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, which of the following is not a type of ego defence mechanism?
a. Repression
b. Regression
c. Congruence
d. Displacement
c. Congruence
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which of the following is the third stage?
a. Phallic
b. Latency
c. Oral
d. Anal
a. Phallic
Which of the following is one of the main functions of the Psychoanalytic Therapist during counselling?
a. To challenge clients’ irrational beliefs, and to replace these irrational beliefs to become rational ones
b. To help clients identify their needs and wants, and to explore alternative ways of meeting these needs
c. To help clients change their maladaptive behaviours to become adaptive ones.
d. To make timely interpretations so as to make some of clients’ unconscious
materials become conscious
d. To make timely interpretations so as to make some of cleints’ unconscious materials become conscious
Which of the following is not a technique utilised by Psychoanalytic Therapists during counselling?
a. Analysis of Transference
b. Analysis of Rationality
c. Analysis of Resistance
d. Dream Analysis
b. Analysis of Rationality
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, how many levels of contents are there in a person’s dream?
a. Four
b. Third
c. Two
d. One
c. Two
According to Psychoanalytic Therapy, _____________ happens when clients project their feelings and reactions which are connected to the important people in their lives in the past, onto the therapists.
a. Reaction Formation
b. Sublimation
c. Countertransference
d. Transference
d. Transference
_________ was the founder of Person-Centred Therapy.
a. Albert Ellis
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. Carl Rogers
d. Carl Rogers
According to Person-Centred Therapy, which of the following is not one of the therapeutic core conditions that is necessary for therapeutic change to take place?
a. Accurate empathic understanding
b. Congruence
c. Accurate identification of needs
d. Unconditional positive regard
c. Accurate identification of needs
According to Person-Centred Therapy, _____________ refers to the therapist being real and genuine towards their clients during counselling sessions.
a. Accurate empathic understanding
b. Congruence
c. Accurate identification of needs
d. Unconditional positive regard
b. Congruence
According to Person-Centred Therapy, _____________ refers to the therapist showing deep and genuine care towards their clients during counselling sessions.
a. Accurate empathic understanding
b. Congruence
c. Accurate identification of needs
d. Unconditional positive regard
d. Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Person-Centred Therapy, _____________ refers to the therapists’
attempts to “understand clients’ experience and feelings sensitively and accurately as they are revealed in the moment-to-moment interaction during the therapy session” (Corey, 2017, p. 175).
a. Accurate empathic understanding
b. Congruence
c. Accurate identification of needs
d. Unconditional positive regard
a. Accurate empathic understanding
Rogers shares Abraham Maslow’s humanistic view of human nature, which
essentially looks at people as having the ___________tendency.
a. Aggressive
b. Regressive
c. Actualising
d. Survival
c. Actualising
Which of the following is not one of the goals of the Person-Centred Counselling Approach?
a. To facilitate clients to go beyond problem-solving, and achieve “a greater
degree of independence and integration so they can better cope with problems as they identify them” (Corey, 2017, p. 171).
b. To facilitate clients to become more genuine with themselves by removing the facades they have been using, and becoming more real with who they are.
c. To facilitate clients to set their own goals for therapy, as opposed to their
therapists setting goals for them.
d. To facilitate clients to modify their unhealthy emotions and behaviours
to become healthy ones, by differentiating and choosing realistic and lifeenhancing goals over unrealistic and self-defeating ones.
d. To facilitate clients to modify their unhealthy emotions and behaviours to become healthy ones, by differentiating and choosing realistic and life-enhancing goals over unrealistic and self-defeating ones.
Which of the following statement does not reflect the nature of the relationship between a Person-Centred Therapist and his/her client?
a. The nature of the therapist-client relationship is one of equality, where both the therapist and the client are regarded as equals in this relationship.
b. The therapist-client relationship serves as “a foundation on which behavioural strategies are built to help clients change in the direction they wish” (Corey, 2017, p. 240).
c. A key aspect of the relationship between a therapist and the client is the
establishment of a transference relationship.
d. A key aspect of the relationship between a therapist and the client is that the therapist spends a considerable amount of effort teaching the client about how his/her cognitive processes contribute to his/her emotional disturbance, and the different ways he/she can use to make constructive changes in his/ her
lives.
a. The nature of the therapist-client relationship is one of equality, where both
the therapist and the client are regarded as equals in this relationship.
According to Egan (2014), how many kinds of immediacy can counsellors use during counselling?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
b. Two
Which of the following is not a shortcoming of Person-Centred Therapy?
a. Person-Centred Counselling Approach’s lack of emphasis on techniques is seen as a shortcoming, and a lack of accountability to the supporters of evidence-based practices and manualised treatment methods.
b. Person-Centred therapists might find it challenging at times to support their clients’ choice of goals for therapy, especially when clients’ goals are different from what they feel should be the areas to be working on.
c. There has been no extensive amount of research that has supported the
effectiveness of the Person-Centred Counselling Approach.
d. There might be a tendency that trainees and practitioners of the Person-
Centred Counselling Approach overemphasise on the role of reflections
and empathic listening, and downplay the role of challenging and other
therapeutic interventions during counselling sessions. This might lead to some clients not being helped in the process.
c. There has been no extensive amount of research that has supported the effectiveness of the Person-Centered Counselling Approach.
Which of the following is not a strength of Person-Centred Therapy?
a. Person-Centred Therapy provides a radical shift in the way counselling and
psychotherapy can be conducted, shifting from being techniques-focused and a heavy reliance on the therapist’s influence, to focusing on the importance of an equal, therapeutic therapist-client relationship in facilitating changes in clients’ personalities.
b. Person-Centred Expressive Arts Therapy, developed by Natalie Rogers, has
extended the contributions of Person-Centred Therapy to help clients who are not as expressive verbally, to find other channels of self-expression and healing through the expressive arts.
c. Person-Centred Therapy has made a significant impact on other schools of
therapy, especially in the area of recognising the importance and role of a
therapeutic therapist-client relationship in facilitating therapeutic change.
d. In practising the core conditions of Person-Centred Therapy, therapists might be unwilling or have difficulties in expressing their own reactions to their clients in a congruent manner, and they may in turn prefer to just “submerge their unique identity and style in a passive and nondirective manner” (Corey, 2017, p. 192-193).
d. In practising the core conditions of Person-Centred Therapy, therapists might be unwilling or have difficulties in expressing their own reactions to their clients in a congruent manner, and they may in turn prefer to just “submerge their unique identity and style in a passive and nondirective manner” (Corey, 2017, p. 192-193).
_________ was the founder of Operant Conditioning.
a. Albert Ellis
b. B.F. Skinner
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. Carl Rogers
b. B.F. Skinner
_________ was the founder of Social Cognitive Theory.
a. Albert Ellis
b. B.F. Skinner
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. Albert Bandura
d. Albert Bandura
Which of the following is not one of the key characteristics of Behaviour Therapy?
a. Behaviour Therapy purports that treatment interventions need to be
“individually tailored to specific problems experienced by the client” (Corey,
2017, p. 237).
b. Behaviour Therapy is based on “the principles and procedures of the scientific method” (Corey, 2017, p. 236).
c. Behaviour Therapy does not only focus on a person’s observable behaviours, but it also focuses on the “internal processes such as cognitions, images, beliefs and emotions” (Corey, 2017, p. 237).
d. Behaviour Therapy focuses on the clients’ problems in the past, and the
possible historical determinants that influence these problems.
d. Behaviour Therapy focuses on the clients’ problems in the past, and the
possible historical determinants that influence these problems.
Which of the following is Contemporary Behaviour Therapy’s view of human
behaviour?
a. Deterministic
b. Humanistic
c. Scientific
d. Regressive
c. Scientific
Behaviour therapists usually carry out a functional assessment of the clients’
particular behaviours during counselling sessions. How many aspects does this functional assessment involve?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
c. Three
According to Operant Conditioning, ___________ entails adding something of worth to an individual as a consequence of a targeted behaviour.
a. Positive Punishment
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
b. Positive Reinforcement
According to Operant Conditioning, ___________ entails adding something
unpleasant to an individual as a consequence of a targeted behaviour.
a. Positive Punishment
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
a. Positive Punishment
According to Operant Conditioning, ___________ entails taking away something of value from an individual as a consequence of a targeted behaviour.
a. Positive Punishment
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment
d. Negative Punishment
How many steps are there in the actual administration of Systematic Desensitisation?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
c. Three
Which of the following technique was developed by Jacobson?
a. Systematic Desensitisation
b. Exposure Techniques
c. Social Skills Training
d. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
d. Progressive Muscle Relaxation
_________ was the founder of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy.
a. Albert Ellis
b. B.F. Skinner
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. Carl Rogers
a. Albert Ellis
_________ was the founder of Cognitive Therapy.
a. Albert Ellis
b. B.F. Skinner
c. Aaron Beck
d. Albert Bandura
c. Aaron Beck
Which of the following is Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy’s view of why clients are emotionally disturbed?
a. Clients are emotionally disturbed by their irrational beliefs.
b. Clients are emotionally disturbed by their childhood experiences.
c. Clients are emotionally disturbed by their unfulfilled needs.
d. Clients are emotionally disturbed by their maladaptive behaviours.
a. Clients are emotioanlly disturbed by their irrational beliefs
According to Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy, _____________ is a technique that can be used to help clients change their unhealthy emotional patterns to healthier ones, by changing their thinking patterns.
a. Social skills training
b. Self-management Principles
c. Shame-attacking exercises
d. Rational-Emotive Imagery
d. Rational-Emotive Imagery
According to Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy, _____________ is a technique
that can help clients reduce their levels of shame and anxiety, and carry out those behaviours which they are usually very afraid to do because of what they think others might think and respond if they were to do them.
a. Social skills training
b. Self-management Principles
c. Shame-attacking exercises
d. Rational-Emotive Imagery
c. Shame-attacking exercises
Cognitive therapists tend to use _____________ to facilitate their clients to reflect, evaluate and change on their distorted thinking.
a. Confrontation
b. Socratic dialogue
c. Persuasion
d. Debate
Socratic dialogue
