Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality Flashcards
intrapsychic domain
- deals with mental mechanisms (many of which operate outside conscious awareness)
- both classic and modern takes of Freud’s psychoanalysis theory
Sygmund Freud
- studied hypnosis with Jean-Martin Charcot
- treated patients with “nervous-disorders” and developed theory of the unconscious
- adult personality = result of how one coped ith sexual and aggressive urges
fundamentals of psychoanalysis
- personality = complex interplay of conscious + unconscious motives, thoughts and feelings
- B motivated by unconscious factors
1. unconscious motives + conflicts
2. parapraxis = Freudian slip
fundamental assumptions
- human mind is like hydraulic system
- personality change occurs with redirection of person’s psychic energy
- unconscious mind operated under its own power
- emphasis on interaction and conflict between the unconscious and conscious mind
- unconscious thoughts must be discovered in indrect ways
- developed large theoretical models to explain a wide range of clinical observations
basic instincts - sex and aggression
instincts
- strong innate forces that provide all the energy in the psychic system
- Freud’s original theory of instincts was influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution
initial formulation
- self- preservation instincts and sexual instincts = life instincts (libido)
To which instinct did Freud add “Thanatos” to ?
the death instinct
theory of personality: conscious
- contains A, C and images about which one is presently aware
theory of personality: preconscious
- contains info one is not presently thinking about, BUT can be easily retrieved - made conscious
theory of personality: unconscious
- largest part of the human mind
- hold thoughts, memories, that one is unaware of
- includes unacceptable sexual and aggressive urges, thoughts and feelings
theory of personality: motivated unconscious
- material can leak through into ABC
- sometimes we don’t know why we do what we do
dynamic unconscious
id - instincts
ego - rational
superego - moral
id
- most primitive part of the mind, source of all drives and urges
- operates according to the pleasure principle (desire for immediate gratification)
- functions according to primary process thinking
- wish fulfillment
wish fulfillment
something unavailable = conjured up and the image of it is temporarily satisfying
ego
- constrains id to reality
- develops within first 2-3y of life
- operates according to reality principle
- operates according to secondary process thinking
- executive of personality
reality principle
understands that urges of id are often in conflict with social and physical reality
superego
- upholder of societal values and morals of society (or care-givers)
- “conscience” or “ego ideal”
- main tool in enforcing right vs wrong = emotion of guilt
what is one similarity between the id and the superego?
superego and id are not bound by reality
anxiety
- state of tension which motivates individuals to do something
- types
1. reality
2. neurotic
3. moral
reality anxiety
conflict between EGO and EXTERNAL REALITY