Motives and Personality Flashcards
what motivates people?
goals
- specific outcomes people desire
motives
- internal states that arouse and direct B toward specific objects/goals
needs
- necessary to survive or thrive
refer graph in to notebook p. ____
Henry Murray: needs
need
- readiness to respond in a certain way under certain circumstances
need to organize
- perception: guiding us to “see” what we want (need) to see
- action: by compelling a person to do what is necessary to satisfy a need
refer to slide 6 of PowerPoint for more of Murray’s needs
Henry Murray: hierarchy of needs
- each person has unique hierarchy of needs
- individuals needs can be thought of existing at a different level of strength
- each need interacts with other needs within a person (dynamic)
Henry Murray: how the environment impacts needs
press
- need relevant aspects of the environment
alpha-press
- objective reality
beta-press
- subjective/perceived reality
Henry Murray: apperception
act of interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation
Henry Murray: the Thematic Apperception Test
- ambiguous pictures presented to a participant for interpretation
- presumption that a person projects current needs in the interpretation of a picture
- refer to slide 9 for example
McClelland’s human motivation theory
implicit motives
- unconscious desires, aspirations and needs
explicit motives
- self-attributed motivation
- reflect a person’s self awareness of conscious motives
implicit motives (refer to slide 12 for stories)
- need for achievement
- wanting to accomplish things, usually without help - need for power
- wanting to have an impact on others without others impacting them - need for intimacy (or affiliation)
- valuing relationships with other people
need for achievement
people who have a high need for achievement:
- prefer activities that offer some, but not too much challenge
- enjoy tasks where they are personally responsible for the outcome
- prefer tasks where feedback on their performance is available
promoting achievement motivation
- independence training and setting challenging standards for children
need for power
- readiness or preference for having an impact on people
- people with a high need for power are interested in controlling situations and controlling others
- do not deal well with frustration and conflict
1. show strong stress responses, including high BP
2. power stress
need for intimacy
- recurrent preference for warm, close, communicative interactions with others
- compared to those with low intimacy, people with a high need
1. spend more time during the day thinking about relationships
2. report more pleasant emotions when around others
3. smile, laugh, make more eye contact
4. start up conversations more frequently and write more letters
What is the difference between Rogers and Maslow?
Maslow
- step by step, only achieving 1 at a time in order
Rogers
- it’s a process, less rigid
- to attain version of ourselves that is a bit more complete, constantly engaged to better orself
- Humanistic perspective: if you give someone a good env to define themselves, they will make better decisions
how is behaviour affected by motive?
most implicit motive research focuses on family environment especially parent-child relationships
- high achievement motivation: parents encouraged independence
- high intimacy motivation: parents did not respond as quickly to child’s needs
- high power motivation: parents allowed more aggressive or sexual B
explicit motives: self-determination theory
3 needs explain much of human B
1. autonomy (power)
- having control over one’s actions and life
2. competence (achievement)
- being bale to use ksills effectively and learn new ones
3. relatedness (affiliation)
- feeling connected
extrinsic vs intrinsic goals
extrinsic
- financial success, popularity, physical attractiveness
- often promoted by popular culture
intrinsic
- personal growth, affiliation and community feeling
- what we “should” value
