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CEDU-624: Counseling Theories & Techniques > Psychoanalysis (Historical & Current) > Flashcards

Psychoanalysis (Historical & Current) Flashcards

1
Q

two basic human motivations for behavior

A

(1) seek pleasure

(2) avoid pain

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2
Q

freudian theory to explain sexual hysteria

A

oedpal / electra complex

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3
Q

hysteria

A

paralysis of the improper functioning of certain parts of the body, wild emotionalism, frenzy. freud believed it was a strictly female disorder

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4
Q

hystero

A

medical term meaning related to the womb, uterine system, and hysterectomies

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5
Q

interpretation of dreams

A

propsed dreams & mental health symptoms have similar structure. both arise as product of 2 conflicting forces of the mind: (1) unconscious childhood sexual wishes seeking discharge; and (2) the repressive activity of the rest of the mind

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6
Q

psychosis

A

conflict btwn the libidinal energies in the self in opposition to the libidinal energies of objects in the external world

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7
Q

dual instinct theory

A

2 types of drives or insticts: libido and aggression drived from broader principles of love (eros) and our instinct towards death and self-destruction (thanatos)

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8
Q

structural theory

A

conflict may operate on a conscious and/or unconscious level, and grouped various mental functions according to the role they played in the world

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9
Q

ego

A

orientates the individual toward the external world and mediates between it and the inner world

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10
Q

id

A

sum of the instinctual pressures of the sexual and aggressive instincts

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11
Q

superego

A

residue of early morality training and important childhood identifications and idealized aspirations

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12
Q

3 Parts of Individual Psychological Structure

A

id, ego, superego. formed by drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain

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13
Q

therapeutic goal of psychoanalysis

A

bring the unconscious into the conscious and to teach people to make rational choices rather than play out automatic responses

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14
Q

ego defense mechanisms

A

used by the ego to reduce internal tension. they are unconscious and automatic, constantly in use, not necessarily unhealthy, can help facilitate adjustment to reality. they become unhealthy when the distort reality

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15
Q

4 categories of ego defense mechanisms:

A
  1. prevent expression of an impulse.
  2. escape expression of an impulse.
  3. disguise expression of an impulse
  4. modify expression of an impulse
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16
Q

Impulse Prevention

A

Holds impulse in. REPRESSION. unconscious banning from memory forbidden feelings or impulses. not acknowledged. repression is a primary source of psychosomatic disorders.

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17
Q

Impulse Escape

A

Does not solve or deal w/ impulse.
Denial - consciously reject impulse by denying its existence - not admitting reality of thoughts or feelings
Fantasy - creates private/safe world to satisfy our need.
Regression: return to childhood behavior to deal w/ impulse.
Isolation - sticking head in sand. recognize danger but isolate self from it

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18
Q

Impulse Disguise

A

Pretty it up.
Displacement - project onto safer target (eg, yell at cat instead of boss.
Identification - take on others’ positive attributes and make them ours.
projection: put our undesirable attributes on others.
rationalization: substitution of “good” reasons for “bad” reasons for saying or doing something

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19
Q

Impulse Modification

A

Healthiest of the unhealthy defense mechanisms.
Sublimation: expressing impulse in socially acceptable way (e.g. sports instead of fist fight).
Compensation: make up for deficiency by being proficient in another area.
Reaction formation: express opposite of original impulse. (eg, become a vice crusader if tempted by kinky sex)

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20
Q

Stages of Instinctual Life

A

Freud was 1st to develop life stages. review concept carefully in text

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21
Q

the unconscious

A

contains the greatest amount of psychological energy, most of which is unknown to the individual

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22
Q

Id

A

personal power source. operates on “pleasure principle” based on primitive psychosexual drives inherited at birth. demands immediate and direct gratification. not in touch w/ reality. illogical. can simultaneously entertain conflicting ideas.

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23
Q

Id, ctd

A

biological deprivation: fuels the person
tension: nondirective libidinal energies
psychosexual drives: hunger, thirst, gasping for air, etc
dreaming and fantasy: primary process of trying to meet the need

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24
Q

Ego

A

rational thought: planning to meet demands of id w/in constraints of reality. mediates btwn id and reality-based boundaries, and the judging, restricting force of the superego

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25
Q

Superego

A

Internal representation of social values as interpreted by one’s parents & authority figures = morality. operates on principle of perfection (right or wrong). ego ideal (that which is morally good) conscience (that which is morally bad). does not converse with id

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26
Q

First part of personality to give way under stress (results in anarchy)

A

superego

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27
Q

What happens when ego gives up?

A

psychosis

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28
Q

What happens when Id gives up?

A

under extreme distress, the Id can give up and death occures, either via unintentional death through reckless behaviors and/or suicide.

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29
Q

Insight

A

occurs when unconscious material is brought to consciousness and viewed by one part of the ego while the more rational part watches. it is a real intellectual and emotional understanding about unresolved issues.

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30
Q

Role of Insight

A

reeducates ego so it can apply secondary process to problems that were formerly approached impulsively and self destructively, with an excess of primary process thinking

31
Q

task of psychoanalytic theory

A

to reconstruct client’s entire personality, strengthening ego so it may assume its proper role of leadership

32
Q

origin of neurosis

A

Childhood. regression is necessary

33
Q

dream interpretation

A

usually involves regression to the wishes of infantile and childhood sexuality

34
Q

Main Challenge

A

to control aggressive and sexual drivies

35
Q

libido

A

involves all life instincts, encluding eros, thanatos, and agression

36
Q

Opening Phase of Therapy

A

Gather info to determine severity of problem. Gaining of info, but not through formal history. patient prioritizes issues.

37
Q

free association

A

the goal of free association is to minimize the effects of conscious external stimuli, and internal physical stimuli, while emphasizing those behaviors that come from unconscious inter-psychic conflicts

38
Q

resistance

A

free association is difficult bc the client consciously wants to be cured but the unconscious is drive to repress threatening material, get out of therapy, remain ill

39
Q

transference

A

during periods of free association, client can relive childhood conflicts in analytic situation. behaviors and emotions are unconsciously brought into present and placed on analyst rather than people in the past

40
Q

interpretation

A

free association distorted by resistances. therapist must deduce true meaning of patient’s words and actions. interpretation must be held until the right moment – when the client is very close to the repressed material and the ego defenses are ready to crumble

41
Q

working through

A

learning about an uncsonscious conflict, resistance, or self-defeating behavior not enough to produce change. insights must be practiced in order to successfully integrate them into a new lifestyle

42
Q

counter transference

A

analysts unconscious tendency to displace emotions and behaviors from other important people onto the patient. to avoid this, psychoanalysts must go through extensive analysis themselves

43
Q

resolution of transference

A

resolution is the terminal phase of treatment. when client and analyst agree that the major goals of analysis are met and transference is well understood, termination date is set. analyst attempts to resolve patient’s unconscious neurotic attachment to him. fantasies of what life will be like after analysis need to be fully analyzed

44
Q

work

A

no one would choose to work if all his or her pleasure needs were met

45
Q

religion

A

collective neurosis – an illusion that tries to master the real world w/ fantasized wish fulfillments. also a poor foundation on which to base social morality. social morality would be better not from commandments, but from common conscience

46
Q

education

A

primary ed should teach children to control illicit instincts and get along w/ each other

47
Q

social psychology

A

freud rejects autonomous human social instinct. people follow leaders by identifying w/ leader and introjecting leader’s standards in place of their own superego – satisfying childhood erotic longings for protection

48
Q

female sexuality

A

females inferior/have defective sexual organs, weaker super egos, greater disposition to neurosis. he believed clitoral orgasm was inferior to vaginal orgasm bc it was a pre-genital form of orgasm

49
Q

conversion

A

the energy of a sexual wish the ego was unable to repress may be transformed into paralysis, numbness, etc

50
Q

libido

A

includes the energy of all life instincts

51
Q

death instincts

A

account for aggressive drive. at times, people manifest through their behavior an unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others

52
Q

Anxiety

A

feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories, desires, experiences that emerge to the surface of awareness

53
Q

3 types of anxiety

A
  1. reality anxiety - fear of danger from external world.
  2. neurotic anxiety - instincts will get out of hand and cause me to do something for which i will be punished.
  3. moral anxiety: fear of one’s own conscience
54
Q

2 characteristics of ego defense mechanisms

A
  1. deny or distort reality

2. operate on an unconscious level

55
Q

repression

A

negative thoughts and feelings excluded from awareness

56
Q

denial

A

closing one’s eyes to existence of a threatening aspect of reality

57
Q

reaction formation

A

actively expressing opposite impulse when confronted w/ threatening impulse

58
Q

projection

A

attributing to other’s one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses

59
Q

displacement

A

directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible

60
Q

rationalization

A

manufacturing “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego

61
Q

sublimation

A

diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels

62
Q

regression

A

going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands

63
Q

introjection

A

taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

64
Q

identification

A

taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

65
Q

identification

A

identifying w/ successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope you will be perceived as worthwhile

66
Q

compensation

A

making perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations

67
Q

psychosexual stages of development

A

oral stage: inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in fear of loving
anal stage: deals w/ inability to recognize and express anger, leading to a lack of a sense of autonomy
phallic stage: inability to fully accept one’s sexuality and sexual feelings

68
Q

id psychology (classical psychoanalysis)

A

instincts and intrapsychic conflicts are the basic factors ahping personality development

69
Q

ego psychology (contemporary psychoanalysis)

A

(erikson). emphasizes striving of the ego for mastery and competence throughout human life span

70
Q

ultimate goal of psychoanalytic treatment

A

increase adaptive functioning, which involves reudction of symptoms and resolution of conflicts. accomplished by making unconscious conscious and strenghtening the ego. particular attention given to client’s resistances

71
Q

transference relationship

A

client projects onto analyst, cornerstone of psychoanalysis.

72
Q

interpretation

A

a major function of interpretation is to accelerate process of uncovering unconscious material

73
Q

Fundamental Rule

A

free association, during which clients say whatever comes to mind w/out self-censorship.

74
Q

reeducation, reorientation, personality change

A

achieved my bringing unconscious to the conscious and implementing insight in life

CEDU-624: Counseling Theories & Techniques (13 decks)

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