Behavioral Therapy Flashcards
behavior therapy practitioners focus on
directly observable behavior, current determinants of behavior, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, rigorous assessment and evaluation
Functional Assessment (Behavioral Analysis)
I.D. maintaining conditions by sytematically gathering info about situational antecedents, dimensions of problem behavior, consequences of problem (ABC model). goal of assessment to understand ABC sequence
behavioral assessment interview
task is to i.d. particular antecedent and consequen events that influence, or are functionally related to, in individual’s behavior.
Behavioral Therapy is technique oriented
empiraclly supported evidence-based practice. specifically designed for particular clients
positive reinforcement
addition of something of value to the individual as a consequence of behavior
negative reinforcement
involves escape from or avoidance of aversive (unpleasant) stimuli. individual motivated to exhibit a desired behavior to avoid unpleasant condition.
extinction
withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced response. can be used for behaviors that hve been maintained by positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement.
operant conditioning
is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior
punishment
aversive controle. consequence of a certain behavior result in a decrease of that behavior. goal of reinforcement is to increase target behavior; goal of punishment is to decrease target behavior
positive punishment
an aversive stimululs is added after the behavior to decrease frequencey of behavior
negative punishment
reinforcing stimulus is removed following behavior to decrease frequence of a target behavior.
progressive muscle relaxation
method to cope w/ stress of daily living. aimed to achieve muscle and mental relaxation and is easily learned. must be performed daily
systematic desensitization
based on principle of classical conditioning. clients imagine successively more anxiety-arousing situations at the same time that they engage in a behavior that competes w/ anxiety. gradually, or systematically, clients become less sensitive (desnsitized) to the anxiety-arousing situation. can be considered a form of exposure therapy
in vivo exposure
exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simpley imaging them.
flooding
refers to either in vivo or imaginal exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli for a prolonged period of time.
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr)
assessment and preparation, imaginal flooding, cognitive restructuring in the treatment of individuals w/ traumatic memories. conceptualizes current mental health problems as emanating from past experiences that have been maladaptively stored neurophysiologically as unprocessed memories.
emdr 2
use of rapid, rhythmic eye movements and other bilateral stimulation to treat clients who have experienced traumatic stress.
emdr 3
3-pronged methodology to process
- memories of adverse experiences
- current disturbing situations
- needed skills that will provide positive memory templates to guide client’s future behavior
social skills training
develop individual’s ability to interact effectively w/ others in various social situations.
self-management programs & self-directed behavior
self-management strategies include teaching clients how to select realistic goals, how to translate these goals into target behaviors, how to creat action plans for change, how to self-monitor and evaluate actions.
basic steps for self-directed behavior that will lead to change
- selecting goals
- translate goals to target behavior
- self-monitoring
- work out plan for change
- evaluate action plan
multimodal therapy (clinical behavior therapy)
grounded in social cognitive learning theory. comprehensive, systematic, holistic approach to behavior therapy. developed by Arnold Lazarus
Mindfulness & Acceptance-based approaches
mindfulness is awareness emerging through having attentio non purpose in present moment, nonjudgmentally. acceptance is a process involving receiving one’s present experience w/out judgment or preference, but w/ curiosity and kindness, striving for full awareness of the present moment.
dialectical behavior therapy
originally developed to treat chronic suicidal ideation in BPD patients. blend of behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques. REVIEW WHOLE SECTION AGAIN COREY P. 251-52
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
essence is that much of our distress and suffering results from continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are. MBSR assists people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future. does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label certain cognitions as “dysfunctional.”
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (mbct)
integration of principles and skills of mindfulness applied to treatment of depression. 8-week group treatment. 2-hour weekly sessions.kindness and self-compassion are key.
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
empirically based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies, together w/ commitment and behavior change strategies, to increase psychological flexibility. involves fully accepting present experience and mindfully letting go of obstacles. involves assisting clients to choose values they want to live by, designing specific goals, taking steps to achieve goals.
4 major areas of development in behavioral movement
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- social-cognitive theory
- increasing attention to the cognitive factors influencing behavior.
behavior therapists
assume an active and directive role. therapist determines how behavior can be modified according to client’s goals. designs treatment plan. a cornerstone is i.d.ing specific goals at outseof of the therapeutic process.
Contemporary behavior therapy
emphasis on interplay between individual and environment.
shaping
is the process of using intermediate reinforcements while moving to a more complex behavior. For example, a male client presents with the problem, “I want to meet some women and socialize, but I can’t seem to do that.” From further conversation and observation, the therapist notices that the client continually looks at the floor, makes no eye contact, and appears to be very shy. To tell him to go to a gym or a church to meet women would only lead to more failure. He doesn’t have the skills to make that work. The behavioral therapist begins giving the client an assignment to raise his head and look at the forehead of at least 10 people he passes each day for the next week. When the client becomes comfortable with this, he is told to look briefly at their eyes to determine the eye color. The next step would be to hold that eye contact for one second, then move on to giving a nod or a smile to the person as they pass. You get the idea? He is being taught basic social skills one step at a time to a place where he would begin feeling comfortable about making a social contact with a woman
