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psych > Psychoactive Drugs - Sleep + Deams > Flashcards

Psychoactive Drugs - Sleep + Deams Flashcards

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1
Q

What Are Psychoactive Drugs?

A

Chemical Substances that alter mood and perception (consciousness)

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2
Q

What is Tolerance/Neuroadaptation?

A

Alters brain chemistry, when a drug requires larger doses to get the same effect -> what leads to addiction

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3
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

The body responding to a drugs absence
-physical pain
-intense cravings

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4
Q

What is addiction

A

compulsive craving for a substance despite the consequences

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5
Q

what are the 3 main types of psychoactive drugs?

A

-Depressants
-Stimulants
-Hallucinogens

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6
Q

What are depressants?

A

reduces neural activity and functions

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7
Q

Examples of depressants

A

-Alcohol
-Opiates
-Barbituates

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8
Q

What do depressants effect?

A

-perception (visual, memory, judgment)
-motor processes
-more aggressive

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9
Q

What can happen to the hippocampus long term due to alcohol effects?

A

It can shrink

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10
Q

Why do people often lose their memories after drinking alcohol?

A

Because it effects the hippocampus which is in charge of memories

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11
Q

What are expectancy effects?

A

Kind of like placebo effect, alcohol will work just how you imagine it would work.

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12
Q

What are barbiturates/tranquilizers?

A

depressant - mimics effects of alcohol
reduces anxiety but impairs memory and judgment

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13
Q

what could a nickname for barbiturates be?

A

“truth serum” - lowers peoples guards and makes them more talkative

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14
Q

What are opiates + derivatives?

A

a depressant - examples include morphine and heroin. depresses neural activity.

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15
Q

What are opiates an agonist for?

A

Endorphins!! they mimic the effects. (aka, brain stops producing opiates

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16
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Speeds bodily processes - more powerful one scan give feelings of invincibility.

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17
Q

What is caffeine?

A

a stimulant - found in many daily drinks

in high doses can increase anxiety, headaches, and insomnia

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18
Q

What are amphetamines?

A

Stimulant
-Methamphetamine (speed) used to stay awake and very addictive.
Can trigger the release of dopamine, leaving you permanently depressed.

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19
Q

What is nicotine?

A

stimulant
found in tobacco - either sedative or stimulating
affects neurotransmitters and increases heartbeat/breathing

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20
Q

what is Ecstacy (aka MDMA)?

A

stimulant + hallucinogen
euphoric high - damages seratonin producing neurons which trigger dopamine release

releases seratonin and blocks reabsorbtion

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21
Q

What is cocaine?

A

stimulant
blocks reabsorbtion of extra dopamine
increased alertness and motivation

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22
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

substances that disturb sight and sound

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23
Q

Examples of synthetic halluciongens?

A

LSD and MDMA

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24
Q

What is LSD?
(Lysergic Acid Piethylamide)

A

Hallucinogen
Blocks seratonin action + makes you psychotic like a near death experience

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25
Q

What is Marijuana/THC?

A

hallucinogen
distortion of time
anxiety
depression
schizophrenia

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26
Q

3 factors that lead to drug abuse?

A

Biological, psychological, socio-cultural influances

27
Q

What is waking consciousness?

A

the awareness of ourselves and our environment
thoughts, feelings, and perception
reflecting and planning ahead

28
Q

What are altered states of consciousness?

A

mental states noticeable different from normal

29
Q

what are the 3 states of consciousness?

A

spontaneous - daydreaming
psychological - meditation or hypnosis
psysiological - hallucination, starvation

30
Q

what is circadian rhythms?

A

physical, mental, and behavioral changes
-24 hour cycle
-temperature changes
-responds to light and dark

31
Q

what is the SCN (super chiasmatic nucleus)?

A

the “master clock”
group of nerve cells that control different rhythms located in the hypothalamus

32
Q

4 different types of biological rhythms

A

Annual - migration, hibernation
28-day - menstrual cycles
24 hour - sleep, body temperature
90-minute - various stages of sleep

33
Q

Which brain waves are associated with being awake and alert?

A

beta waves

34
Q

Which brain waves are associated with being awake and relaxed? (twilight)

A

Alpha waves

35
Q

Which brain waves are associated with sleep stages 1-2?

A

Theta waves

36
Q

Which brain waves are associated with sleep stages 3-4?

A

Delta waves

37
Q

what is REM sleep?

A

Rapid eye movement sleep when vivid dreams occur. while asleep, still experiencing beta wave like conditions.

38
Q

In which stage do you feel like you’re falling or jerking?

A

Stage 1

39
Q

In which stage do you sleep talk or walk?

A

Stage 2

40
Q

Which stage of sleep is known as the transitional stage?

A

Stage 3

41
Q

Which stage are your brainwaves the slowest and make you hard to wake up almost like you’re dead?

A

Stage 4

42
Q

Which stage of sleep is known for REM sleep?

A

Stage 5

43
Q

What are some consequences of sleep deprivation?

A

fatigue –> death
impaired concentration
emotional irratability
depressed immune system

44
Q

What is REM rebound?

A

This is your body’s way of trying to catch up on its REM sleep. makes you delusional, confused, and irritated

45
Q

How much sleep do adults need on average every day?

A

8 hours each day.

46
Q

What are 5 reasons we sleep?

A

protection, recouperation, (restoring brain tissue) remembering, creativity, and growth.

47
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep

48
Q

Sleepwalking and Sleeptalking

A

Usually during stage 4 sleep, occurs in mainly children

49
Q

What are night terrors?

A

Episodes of fright that occur during stages 3 or 4 of NREM sleep NOT THE SAME AS NIGHTMARES

50
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Person stops breathing momentarily during sleep

51
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Suddenly falling asleep without warning during waking hours

52
Q

What is REM Behavior Disorder

A

That’s when your body doesn’t get paralyzed during sleep so you like act it out irl.

53
Q

what is Sleep Paralysis?

A

Body fails to undo the paralysis briefly upon waking.

54
Q

What do we dream?

A

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

55
Q

what are Lucid Dreams?

A

are dreams in which you become aware that you are dreaming and you can control aspects of your environment in the dream.

56
Q

Why do we dream?

A

To satisfy our own wishes:
To file away memories (information processing):
To develop and preserve neural pathways (Physiological function):
To make sense of neural static (activation-synthesis theory)
To reflect cognitive development

57
Q

What is Freud’s wish fulfillment?

A

Dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings from the Id.

58
Q

what is latent content?

A

underlying meaning of a dream

59
Q

what is manifest content?

A

the storyline of a dream

60
Q

What is Information processing?

A

Dreams help us sort
through the day’s events

61
Q

What is Physiological function?

A

To develop/preserve neural pathways

62
Q

What is activation synthesis?

A

combining the activation of different brain cells and existing knowledge- how we interpret dreams

63
Q

what is the Cognitive theory of dreaming?

A

Dreams overlap with waking cognition, coherent speech

64
Q
A

psych (1 decks)

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