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Psychology > Psychoactive Drugs > Flashcards

Psychoactive Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

The chemical that changes our state of consciousness, and particularly are perceptions and moods

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2
Q

Wear psychoactive drugs found

A
  1. Everyday food and beverages, including chocolate, coffee and soft drinks
  2. Sleeping pills, tranquilizers, anti-anxiety medications
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3
Q

What are the four primary classes of psychoactive drugs

A
  1. Stimulants
  2. Depressants
  3. Opioids
  4. Hallucinogens
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4
Q

How do psychoactive drugs affect the brain

A

The effect consciousness by influencing how neurotransmitters operate at the synapses of the central nervous system

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5
Q

What are the different ways that psychoactive drugs operate in the synapses

A
  1. They act as an agonist, which mimics a neurotransmitter
  2. Antagonist, which block the action of a neurotransmitter
  3. Block the reuptake of neurotransmitter
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6
Q

Tolerance

A

An increase in the dose required to produce the same effect, which makes it necessary for the user to increase the dosage, times per day

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7
Q

Dependence

A
  • Need to use a drug or other substance regularly. -Can be psychological, is done on a regular basis with no physical effects
  • Physical, physical and mental effects appear when the drug is withdrawn
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8
Q

Withdrawal

A

Negative experiences that acompany reducing or stopping drug use, including physical pain and other symptoms

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9
Q

Addiction

A

When the user powerfully craves the drug and is driven to seek it out, over and over again, no matter what the physical, social, financial and legal cost

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10
Q

Order some possible effects the result from abusing recreational drugs

A
  1. Criminal consequences
  2. Medical problems such as throat and lung cancers from smoking
  3. Physical symptoms such as loss of sense of smell nosebleeds are difficult swallowing from snorting
  4. Risk of infection or disease such as with IV drug use
  5. Exposure to talk to chemicals
  6. Overdose
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11
Q

Safety ratio

A

A calculation used to determine how dangerous recreational drugs are. Based on the dose that is likely to be fatal divided by the normal dose needed to feel the effects of the drugs

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12
Q

Stimulant

A

A psychoactive drug that operates by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system

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13
Q

How is nervous system affected when you take a stimulant

A

Because more neurotransmitters remain active in the brain, the result is an increase in the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

What are some effects of a stimulant

A

Increased heart rate and breathing rate, people dilation, increased blood sugar and decreased appetite

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15
Q

What are some examples of stimulants

A

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines

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16
Q

What are some depressants

A

Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, toxic inhalants

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17
Q

Depressant

A

Acts to slow down consciousness. A psychoactive drug that reduces the activity of the central nervous system

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18
Q

How do depressants work

A

Change consciousness by increasing the production of the neurotransmitter GABA and decreasing the production of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, results in a reduction in transmission of impulses from the lower brain to the cortex

19
Q

What is the most commonly used depressant

A

Alcohol

20
Q

Low to moderate doses of alcohol

A

Remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic nervous system

21
Q

High doses of alcohol

A

Axon cerebellum to interfere with coordination and balance, producing the staggering gate

22
Q

High blood levels of alcohol

A

CNS depression which leads to dizziness, nausea, and eventually loss of consciousness

23
Q

Why does alcohol increase aggression

A

Because it reduces the ability of the person who is consumed it to inhibit his or her aggression

24
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressants that are commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and painkillers. Produce relaxation and sleepiness.

25
Q

High dose of barbiturates

A

high doses may cause sluggishness, difficult in thinking, slowness of speech, drowsiness, faulty judgment and eventually coma or even death

26
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Family of depressants used to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms

27
Q

Low dose of benzodiazepine

A

Mild sedation and relieve anxiety

28
Q

High doses of benzodiazepines

A

Induce sleep

29
Q

Toxic inhalants

A

Vapors of glue, gasoline, propane, hairspray, and spray paint. They are inhale to create a change in consciousness

30
Q

Opioids

A

Chemicals that increase activity in opioid receptor neurons in the brain and in the digestive system, producing euphoria, analgesia, slower breathing, and constipation

31
Q

Opioid chemical makeup is similar to

A

Endorphins, the neurotransmitters that serve as the body’s natural pain reducers

32
Q

What are stronger more addictive drugs derived from opium

A

Morphine and heroin

33
Q

Codeine

A

Weaker analgesic unless addictive member of the opiate family

34
Q

How addictive is heroin

A

Twice as addictive as morphine, creates of your tolerance, moderate physical dependence, and severe psychological dependence, safety ratio of 6

35
Q

What part of the nervous system does opiates activate

A
  • The sympathetic division of the ANS, causing blood pressure and heart rate to increase
  • parasympathetic division, leading to constipation another negative side effects
36
Q

What type of medical issues can opiate use lead to

A

Heart attack or stroke

37
Q

What are symptoms of opioid withdrawal

A

Diarrhea, insomnia, restlessness, irritability, vomiting, strong craving for the drug

38
Q

What high infection rates are opiate users likely to suffer from with IV drug use

A

Hiv, pericarditis, hepatitis B

39
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • Produce an extreme alteration of consciousness

- ultra sensation and perception that might create hallucinations

40
Q

What are some examples of hallucinogens

A

Cannabis, mescaline, LSD, PCP, peyote, psilocybin

41
Q

What’s another name for hallucinogens

A

Psychedelics

42
Q

One neurotransmitter are hallucinogens chemical composition similar to

A

Serotonin and epinephrine, the ACT primarily as agonist by mimicking the action of these at the synapses

43
Q

What is the most widely used hallucinogen

A

Cannabis

44
Q

Do hallucinogens produce physiological or psychological tolerance or dependence

A

No

Psychology (7 decks)

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