Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1 > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorders?

A

Any 5 of the 9 following, 1 of the 5 which must include either depressed mood of anhedonia (loss of interest), for at least 2 weeks or more:

SIG E CAPS:

  1. Sleep disturbances: hypersomnia or insomnia
  2. Loss of interest: anhedonia
  3. Guilt/Feeling of worthlessness
  4. Energy loss and fatigue
  5. Concentration loss/problems
  6. Appetite changes/Weight changes
  7. Psychomotor retardation/agitation
  8. Suicidal ideation
  9. Depressed mood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the risks of suicide?

A

SAD PERSONS

  • S: Sex (Male)
  • A: Age (45y)
  • D: Depression
  • P: Previous attempts
  • E: Ethanol/Drug abuse
  • R: Loss of Rational Thinking
  • S: Sicknesses (chronic medical illnesses)
  • O: Organized plan
  • N: No social support
  • S: Stated future intent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is dysthymia?

A

Milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years

= Persistent depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the indications for electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • Major depressive disorder refractory to other treatment
  • Pregnant women with major depressive disorder
  • Acute suicidality when immediate response is needed
  • Depression with psychotic features
  • Catatonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the side effects of electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • Disorientation
  • Partial anterograde/retrograde amnesia
  • Headache

> > Usually resolves fully in 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the physiology of electroconvulsive therapy?

A

Induction of a relatively controlled seizure in a patient under GENERAL anaestheia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does postpartum blues usually last?

A

Usually resolves within 10 days of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is the typical onset of postpartum mood disturbances?

A

Within 4 weeks of delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What characterizes postpartum psychosis?

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Confusion
  • Unusual behaviour
  • Homicidal/Suicidal ideations/attempts

Usually lasts from days to 4-6 weeks
» May need inpatient care
» Assessment for child safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which class of drug is fluoxetine?

A

SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which class of drug is paroxetine?

A

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which class of drug is sertraline?

A

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which class of drug is citalopram?

A

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which class of drug is duloxetine?

A

SNRI: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which class of drug is venlafaxine?

A

SNRI: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which class of drug is milnacipran?

A

SNRI: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which class of drug is amitriptyline?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which class of drug is nortriptyline?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which class of drug is imipramine?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which class of drug is desipramine?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which class of drug is doxepin?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

22
Q

Which class of drug is amoxapine?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti-depressant

23
Q

Which class of drug is selegiline?

A

MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

24
Q

Which class of drug is tranylcypromine?

A

MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

25
Q

Which class of drug is isocarboxazid?

A

MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

26
Q

Which class of drug is phenelzine?

A

MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

27
Q

Name 4 examples of SSRIs.

A
  • Fluoxetine
  • Paroxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Citalopram
28
Q

Name 3 examples of SNRIs.

A
  • Venlafaxine
  • Duloxetine
  • Milnacipran
29
Q

Name 6 examples of TCAs.

A
  • Amitriptyline
  • Nortriptyline
  • Imipramine
  • Desipramine
  • Clomipramine
  • Doxepin
  • Amoxapine
30
Q

Name 4 examples of MAOIs.

A
  • Tranylcypromine
  • Phenelzine
  • Isocarboxazid
  • Selegiline
31
Q

Which class of drug is clomipramine?

A

SNRI: serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

32
Q

Name 3 atypical antidepressants.

A
  • Bupropion
  • Mirtazapine
  • Trazodone
33
Q

What are the indications for SSRIs?

A
  • Depression
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • OCD
  • Bulimia
  • Social phobia
  • PTSD
34
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

Sexual dysfunction

Serotonin syndrome
- Mental status changes: delirium, disorientation, anxiety
- Autonomic instability
   >> Hyperthermia
   >> Cardiovascular collapse
   >> Flushing
   >> Diarrhea
- Neuromuscular changes
   >> Hyperreflexia
   >> Myoclonus
35
Q

What are the drugs associated with serotonin syndrome?

A
  • SSRIs
  • SNRIs
  • MAOIs
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamines
  • Tryptophan
  • St. John’s Wort
  • Kava Kava
36
Q

What are the indications for SNRIs?

A
  • Depression
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (duloxetine)
  • Fibromyalgia (milnacipran)
37
Q

What are the presenting features of TCA toxicity?

A

THREE Cs:

  • Convulsion
  • Coma
  • Cardiotoxicity (Arrhythmias)

+ Respiratory depression
+ Hyperpyrexia
+ Confusion and hallucinations

38
Q

How do we treat TCA toxicity?

A

NaHCO3 for urine ion trapping effect ONLY IF the patient is suffering from cardiotoxicity

39
Q

How do we treat TCA toxicity?

A

NaHCO3 for urine ion trapping effect ONLY IF the patient is suffering from cardiotoxicity

40
Q

What are the indications for MAOIs?

A
  • ATYPICAL depression
  • Anxiety
  • Hypochondriasis
41
Q

What are the side effects of MAOIs?

A
  • Hypertensive crisis (with ingestion of tyramine)
  • Tachycardia
  • CNS stimulation
42
Q

What are some drugs that are contraindicated in a patient taking MAOIs?

A
  • SSRIs
  • SNRIs
  • TCAs
  • Tryptophan
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamine
  • St. John’s Worst
  • Mepiridine
  • Dextromethorphan

> > To prevent precipitating serotonin syndrome (mental status changes, autonomic instability and neuromuscular abnormalities)

43
Q

What are some drugs that are contraindicated in a patient taking MAOIs?

A
  • SSRIs
  • SNRIs
  • TCAs
  • Tryptophan
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamine
  • St. John’s Worst
  • Mepiridine
  • Dextromethorphan

> > To prevent precipitating serotonin syndrome (mental status changes, autonomic instability and neuromuscular abnormalities)

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bupropion?

A

Inhibits reuptake of:

  • Norepinephrine
  • Dopamine
45
Q

What are the indications for bupropion?

A
  • Depression

- Smoking cessation

46
Q

What are the side effects of bupropion?

A
  • Stimulant effects
  • Headaches
  • Seizures

NO SEXUAL SIDE EFFECTS (VS. SSRIs)

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine?

A
  • a2-antagonist: increases NE and 5-HT release

- 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist

48
Q

What are the side effects of mirtazapine?

A
  • Sedation
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight gain
  • Dry mouth

> > Anti-histaminergic effects

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of trazodone?

A

Antagonist of 5-HT2 and a1-adrenergic receptors

50
Q

What are the indications for trazodone?

A
  • INSOMNIA

- Depression: requires a large dose

51
Q

What are the side effects of trazodone?

A
  • Sedation
  • Priapism
  • Sedation
  • Postural hypotension

USMLE Step 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions