Hematology Flashcards
Regarding autoimmune hemolytic anemia, what are the causes of warm agglutinin, and which immunoglobulin is it associated with?
IgG
- SLE (lupus)
- Malignancies (CLL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma)
- Viruses (EBV, HIV)
- Congenital immune abnormalities
- Drugs
Regarding autoimmune hemolytic anemia, what are the causes of cold agglutinin, and which immunoglobulin is it associated with?
IgM
- CLL
- Mycoplasma infection
- Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
What are the three main steps to platelet stimulation/platelet plug formation?
- Adhesion
- Activation
- Aggregation
What are some of the contents in platelets? Name 6
- vWF
- Fibrinogen
- Thrombin
- Cyclooxygenase
- Thromboxane A2
- ADP
- Calcium
- PDGF
What are the possible causes of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)?
STOP Making New Thrombi
- Sepsis (Gram-negative)
- Trauma
- Obstetric complications
- acute Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Transfusion
What are some examples of ADP-receptor antagonists?
- Clopidogrel
- Ticlopidine
- Prasugrel
- Ticagrelor
What are some examples of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors?
- Abciximab
- Eptifibatide
- Tirofiban
What are the indications for aspirin usage?
- Antipyrexia
- Analgesia
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-platelet
»_space; Acute MI/ACS
»_space; Acute thrombotic stroke
»_space; MI prevention
What are the side effects of aspirin?
- Gastric bleeding/Peptic ulcers
- Bleeding
- Hyperventilation»_space; Respiratory alkalosis»_space; Metabolic acidosis
- Reye syndrome in children
»_space; Liver failure
»_space; Encephalopathy
»_space; Hypoglycemia - Tinnitus
What is a specific side effect of ticlopidine, and which class of drug is ticlopidine?
- ADP receptor inhibitor
- Neutropenia
What are the laboratory findings of a patient with DIC?
- Decreased PLT
- Increased BT
- Increased PT
- Increased aPTT
- Increased D-dimers
- Decreased fibrinogen
What is the mode of inheritance of von Willebrand disease?
Autosomal dominant
- The most common inherited bleeding disorder, albeit mild
What is the common investigation used to the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease?
Ristocetin cofactor assay
What is the treatment for von Willebrand disease?
DDAVP: releases vWF stored in the endothelium
Name four common platelet disorders.
Quantitative (low platelet count)
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (anti-GpIIb/IIIa Abs)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (deficiency of ADAMTS 13 to cleave vWF into smaller functional units)
Qualitative (platelet dysfunction)
- Bernard-Soulier syndrome: GpIb deficiency
- Glanzmann thrombocytopenia: GpIIb/IIIa deficiency
