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Year 3 > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

= fear of being in open-spaces or crowds

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2
Q

What is melancholia?

A

= emotional numbness, where patients feels unable to experience any emotions at all

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3
Q

Core symptoms in depression (3)

A
  • low mood
  • anhedonia (= loss in interest doing things)
  • reduced energy
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4
Q

How long do symptoms need to be present for a diagnosis of depression?

A

= 2 weeks

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5
Q

Is depression more common in men or women?

A

= women (twice more likely)

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6
Q

What is the screening questionnaire for depression called?

A

= PHQ-9

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7
Q

First-line management option in depression

A

= CBT

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8
Q

First-line pharmacological treatment for depression?

A

= SSRIs

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9
Q

Side effects of antidepressants may start within…

  • 1 to 2 days
  • 1 to 2 weeks
  • 4 weeks minimum
  • 6 months minimum
  • 2 years minimum
  • lifelong
A
  • 1 to 2 days
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10
Q

An adequate antidepressant trial (before increasing dose/ changing class) is…

  • 1 to 2 days
  • 1 to 2 weeks
  • 4 weeks minimum
  • 6 months minimum
  • 2 years minimum
  • lifelong
A
  • 4 weeks minimum
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11
Q

Most common GP diagnosis?

A

= depression

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12
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

= symptoms of depression in which an individual regularly feels low in the morning + experiences an increasingly positive mood as the day progresses. Can become worse late at night

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13
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson curve?

A

= a model of the relationship between stress and task performance

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14
Q

How long after a dose of Lithium should you check the dose?

A

= 12 hours post dose

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15
Q

First-line management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

= CBT, including exposure and response prevention (ERP)

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16
Q

First-line pharmacological treatment for OCD

A

= SSRI

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17
Q

Which SSRI is specifically used in first-line in patients with body dysmorphic disorder?

A

= Fluoxetine

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18
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

= chronic mental health disorder characterised by periods of mania/ hypomania alongside episodes of depression

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19
Q

Type I vs type II bipolar disorder

A

Type I: mania + depression (most common)

Type II: hypomania + depression

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20
Q

Key differentiation between mania + hypomania

A

Presence of psychotic symptoms suggests mania

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21
Q

Mood stabiliser of choice in managing bipolar disorder?

A

= Litium

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22
Q

Antipsychotic of choice in managing mania associated with bipolar disorder?

A

= Olanzapine

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23
Q

Antidepressant of choice in managing depression associated with bipolar disorder?

A

= Fluoxetine (SSRI)

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24
Q

5 Stages of grief

A
  • denial
  • anger
  • bargaining
  • depression
  • acceptance
25
Q

Features of atypical grief reactions (2)

A
  • delayed grief
  • prolonged grief
26
Q

Are males of females at a high risk of suicide?

A

= males (twice as likely)

27
Q

What is a delusion?

A

= false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained

28
Q

Schneider’s first-rank schizophrenia symptoms (4)

A
  • auditory hallucinations
  • thought disorder
  • passivity phenomena
  • delusional perceptions
29
Q

First-line treatment for schizophrenia?

A

= oral atypical antipsychotics, CBT should also be offered to all patients

30
Q

Patients with schizophrenia are at a high risk of developing what other co-morbidity?

A

= cardiovascular disease

(linked to antipsychotic use +high smoking rates)

31
Q

What type of hallucinations associated with schizophrenia

A

= 3rd person auditory hallucinations, usually 2 or more voices

32
Q

Types of thought disorders seen in schizophrenia (3)

A
  • thought insertion
  • thought withdrawal
  • thought broadcasting
33
Q

What is passivity phenomena?

A

= feeling some aspect of themselves is under control of others

34
Q

What is neologism?

A

= using made-up words

35
Q

Which questionnaire is used as first point of investigation

A

= AUDIT questionnaire

36
Q

Is anorexia more common in males or females?

A

= females, 5:1

37
Q

3 main features of DSM 5 criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa

A
  • restriction of energy intake
  • intense fear of gaining weight, even though under-weight
  • disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced
38
Q

In children + young people what is first-line treatment in anorexia nervosa?

A

= anorexia-focused family therapy

39
Q

What % of patients will eventually die from anorexia nervosa?

A

= 10%

40
Q

Mental health condition with highest mortality rate?

A

= Anorexia nervosa

41
Q

For a diagnosis of PTSD, how long must symptoms be present for?

A

= more than 1 month

42
Q

First-line management options for PTSD (2)

A
  • trauma-focused CBT OR,
  • eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy
43
Q

If pharmacological management is indicated for treatment in PTSD, what is recommended to be used first? (2)

A
  • Venlafaxine (SNRI) OR,
  • SSRI such as Sertraline
44
Q

What is acute stress disorder?

A

= defined as an acute stress reaction that occurs in the first 4 weeks after a person has been exposed to a traumatic event (e.g., threatened death, serious injury)

45
Q

Acute stress disorder vs. PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder: occurs in first 4 weeks after a person has been exposed to a traumatic event

PTSD: diagnosed after 4 weeks

46
Q

First-line management in acute stress disorder

A

= trauma-focused CBT

47
Q

What can be used to help treat the acute symptoms in acute stress disorder?

A

= benzodiazepines

48
Q

Why does there need to be caution when prescribing benzodiazepines?

A

= they are addictive

49
Q

How long do symptoms have to be present for insomnia to be classed as ‘chronic insomnia’?

A

= > 3 months

50
Q

Pharmacological options for treating short-term insomnia?

A

Short-term benzodiazepines, OR
Non-benzodiazepines (‘z drugs’)

51
Q

True or False: It is recommended to try antidepressants for treating insomnia if first-line drugs have not worked

A

= false

52
Q

If insomnia is linked to daytime anxiety what drug may be considered?

A

= Diazepam

53
Q

If insomnia is linked to daytime anxiety what drug may be considered?

A

= Diazepam

54
Q

Echopraxia meaning?

A

= n involuntary imitation or repetition of someone else’s actions

55
Q

Mood vs affect

A

Mood: what the patient says
Affect: observed emotional state

56
Q

Extracampine hallucinations

A

= feel the presence of another person

57
Q

Illiputian visual hallucinations

A

= small animals or figures

58
Q

Gendankenlawerdanne auditory hallucinations

A

= hear what you are about to say or think

59
Q

Hypnogoic vs hypnopomic

A

Hypnogoic: as you go to sleep (before)
Hypnopomic: just as you wake up

Year 3 (10 decks)

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