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Year 3 > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

= fear of being in open-spaces or crowds

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2
Q

What is melancholia?

A

= emotional numbness, where patients feels unable to experience any emotions at all

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3
Q

Core symptoms in depression (3)

A
  • low mood
  • anhedonia (= loss in interest doing things)
  • reduced energy
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4
Q

How long do symptoms need to be present for a diagnosis of depression?

A

= 2 weeks

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5
Q

Is depression more common in men or women?

A

= women (twice more likely)

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6
Q

What is the screening questionnaire for depression called?

A

= PHQ-9

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7
Q

First-line management option in depression

A

= CBT

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8
Q

First-line pharmacological treatment for depression?

A

= SSRIs

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9
Q

Side effects of antidepressants may start within…

  • 1 to 2 days
  • 1 to 2 weeks
  • 4 weeks minimum
  • 6 months minimum
  • 2 years minimum
  • lifelong
A
  • 1 to 2 days
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10
Q

An adequate antidepressant trial (before increasing dose/ changing class) is…

  • 1 to 2 days
  • 1 to 2 weeks
  • 4 weeks minimum
  • 6 months minimum
  • 2 years minimum
  • lifelong
A
  • 4 weeks minimum
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11
Q

Most common GP diagnosis?

A

= depression

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12
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

= symptoms of depression in which an individual regularly feels low in the morning + experiences an increasingly positive mood as the day progresses. Can become worse late at night

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13
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson curve?

A

= a model of the relationship between stress and task performance

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14
Q

How long after a dose of Lithium should you check the dose?

A

= 12 hours post dose

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15
Q

First-line management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

= CBT, including exposure and response prevention (ERP)

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16
Q

First-line pharmacological treatment for OCD

A

= SSRI

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17
Q

Which SSRI is specifically used in first-line in patients with body dysmorphic disorder?

A

= Fluoxetine

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18
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

= chronic mental health disorder characterised by periods of mania/ hypomania alongside episodes of depression

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19
Q

Type I vs type II bipolar disorder

A

Type I: mania + depression (most common)

Type II: hypomania + depression

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20
Q

Key differentiation between mania + hypomania

A

Presence of psychotic symptoms suggests mania

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21
Q

Mood stabiliser of choice in managing bipolar disorder?

A

= Litium

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22
Q

Antipsychotic of choice in managing mania associated with bipolar disorder?

A

= Olanzapine

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23
Q

Antidepressant of choice in managing depression associated with bipolar disorder?

A

= Fluoxetine (SSRI)

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24
Q

5 Stages of grief

A
  • denial
  • anger
  • bargaining
  • depression
  • acceptance
25
Features of atypical grief reactions (2)
- delayed grief - prolonged grief
26
Are males of females at a high risk of suicide?
= males (twice as likely)
27
What is a delusion?
= false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained
28
Schneider's first-rank schizophrenia symptoms (4)
- auditory hallucinations - thought disorder - passivity phenomena - delusional perceptions
29
First-line treatment for schizophrenia?
= oral atypical antipsychotics, CBT should also be offered to all patients
30
Patients with schizophrenia are at a high risk of developing what other co-morbidity?
= cardiovascular disease (linked to antipsychotic use +high smoking rates)
31
What type of hallucinations associated with schizophrenia
= 3rd person auditory hallucinations, usually 2 or more voices
32
Types of thought disorders seen in schizophrenia (3)
- thought insertion - thought withdrawal - thought broadcasting
33
What is passivity phenomena?
= feeling some aspect of themselves is under control of others
34
What is neologism?
= using made-up words
35
Which questionnaire is used as first point of investigation
= AUDIT questionnaire
36
Is anorexia more common in males or females?
= females, 5:1
37
3 main features of DSM 5 criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa
- restriction of energy intake - intense fear of gaining weight, even though under-weight - disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced
38
In children + young people what is first-line treatment in anorexia nervosa?
= anorexia-focused family therapy
39
What % of patients will eventually die from anorexia nervosa?
= 10%
40
Mental health condition with highest mortality rate?
= Anorexia nervosa
41
For a diagnosis of PTSD, how long must symptoms be present for?
= more than 1 month
42
First-line management options for PTSD (2)
- trauma-focused CBT OR, - eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy
43
If pharmacological management is indicated for treatment in PTSD, what is recommended to be used first? (2)
- Venlafaxine (SNRI) OR, - SSRI such as Sertraline
44
What is acute stress disorder?
= defined as an acute stress reaction that occurs in the first 4 weeks after a person has been exposed to a traumatic event (e.g., threatened death, serious injury)
45
Acute stress disorder vs. PTSD
Acute stress disorder: occurs in first 4 weeks after a person has been exposed to a traumatic event PTSD: diagnosed after 4 weeks
46
First-line management in acute stress disorder
= trauma-focused CBT
47
What can be used to help treat the acute symptoms in acute stress disorder?
= benzodiazepines
48
Why does there need to be caution when prescribing benzodiazepines?
= they are addictive
49
How long do symptoms have to be present for insomnia to be classed as 'chronic insomnia'?
= > 3 months
50
Pharmacological options for treating short-term insomnia?
Short-term benzodiazepines, OR Non-benzodiazepines ('z drugs')
51
True or False: It is recommended to try antidepressants for treating insomnia if first-line drugs have not worked
= false
52
If insomnia is linked to daytime anxiety what drug may be considered?
= Diazepam
53
If insomnia is linked to daytime anxiety what drug may be considered?
= Diazepam
54
Echopraxia meaning?
= n involuntary imitation or repetition of someone else's actions
55
Mood vs affect
Mood: what the patient says Affect: observed emotional state
56
Extracampine hallucinations
= feel the presence of another person
57
Illiputian visual hallucinations
= small animals or figures
58
Gendankenlawerdanne auditory hallucinations
= hear what you are about to say or think
59
Hypnogoic vs hypnopomic
Hypnogoic: as you go to sleep (before) Hypnopomic: just as you wake up

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