Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

First line medical treatment for depression

A

SSRIs = sertraline or citalopram
Can take 2-4 weeks before benefit
If not working, try a different SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long should antidepressants be taken for?

A

First episode = at least 6 months after full recovery without reducing the dose
More than one episode = continue for 1-2 years after full recovery without reducing the dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for severe life threatening depresssion, particularly if psychotic symptoms present

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classifications of bipolar disorder

A

Bipolar 1 = have had a full manic episode meeting full criteria, may have had bouts of hypomanic and depressive episodes too.

Bipolar 2 (more common) = current or past hypomanic episode but never met full criteria. Also past of depressive episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to treat an acute manic episode

A

If currently taking anti-depressants stop them

If currently taking lithium, valproate or a mood stabiliser as prophylaxis then check levels and maybe increase dose

If not on antipsychotics, offer haloperidol, respiridone or “-apines”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to treat acute bipolar depression

A

Dont prescribe antidepressant without an antimanic drug
Avoid antidepressants in though with a recent hypo/mani episode or a history of rapid cycling

SSRIs usually fluoxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder

A

Lithium is gold standard

Lamotrigine or valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects of lithium

A

Dry mouth, strange taste, polydipsia and polyuria, tremor, hypothyroidism, renal problems, weight gain
Toxic effects: Vomiting, diarrhoea, ataxia, drowsiness, convulsions, coma

Requires a lot of monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mode of action of SSRIs and side effects

A

Selectively inhibits reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft

SA = nausea, vomiting, anxiety, transient increase in self-harm particularly in young people, vivid dreams, sexual dysfunction, hyponatraemia

E.g. sertraline, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MOA of tri-cyclic antidressants and side effects and examples

A

Block the uptake of monoamines serotonin and noradrenaline into presynaptic terminals

SA = anticholinergic effect as drugs block muscarinic receptors; blurred vision, dry mouth, contipation, urinary retention, arrhythmias

E.g. amitriptyline, imipramine, dosulepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Managment for anorexia nervosa

A

1st line is family-based therapy for children and young people
Also CBT
Never use just medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Russels sign in bullimia nervosa?

A

Calluses on the back of hands due to self-induces vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of bullimia nervosa

A

Individual or group CBT

High dose fluoxetine can reduce cravings for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics

A

1st gen = haloperidol, chloropromazine
2nd gen = clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine

1st gen cause more extra-pyramidal side effects (can prescribe with an anti-cholinergic to help e.g. procyclicine)

2nd gen cause more weight gain, central obesity, type 2 diabetes

Usually start with 2nd gen and titrate up
Clozapine is best but not 1st line as can cause agranulocytosis (only use for resistant cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of general anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

CBT
SSRIs, SNRIs, pregabalin

Benzodiazepines should be avoided as it is a chronic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of panic disorder

A

CBT
SSRIs if long-standing or CBT not helping
Tricyclics
Benzodiazepines only for short-term use

17
Q

Management of agoraphobia

A

CBT and exposure therapy
SSRIs if needed
Benzidiazepines for short-term only

18
Q

Mode of action of benzodiazepines

A

Bind to GABAa receptors which causes a positive allosteric effect and makes GABA more likely to bind and the effect of GABA greater

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and reduces the action of neurons in the amygdala (emotions and fear response) and in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit (worry, anxiety)

19
Q

Type 1 and Type 2 trauma

A

Type 1: single event, sudden and unexpected

Type 2: repetitive, 3x high PTSD risk vs type 1

20
Q

Broca’s area

A

Part of frontal cortex responsible for production of speech

Deactivated when remembering trauma

21
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Area in left temporal lobe responsible for comprehension of speech

22
Q

How can you treat a drug poisoning or overdose within 1 hr?

A

Activated charcoal

Decreases gut absorption of some substances

23
Q

Over 1hr since a paracetamol overdose, how to treat

A

N-acetyl cystine

24
Q

Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose

A

IV flumazenil

25
Q

Treatment for overdose of tricyclic antidepressants

A

Sodium bicarbonate

26
Q

What is Wernickes Encephalopathy

A

thiamine deficiency that results in cytotoxic oedema in mamillary bodies

Symptoms: ocular dysfunction, ataxic gait and acute confusion

Treat with thiamine replacement

27
Q

What is Korsakoffs syndrome?

A

Chronic thiamine deficiency where there is cerebral atrphy due to Wernickes encephalopathy

Presentation: Anterograde and retrograde amnesia, patient makes things up where there is a lapse in memory, lack of insight

Chance of recovery is low, need abstinence and nutrition

28
Q

Episodic memory

A

Memory of your experiences

29
Q

Semantic memory

A

Memory of facts - dont know where you learnt it but you know it

30
Q

Procedural memory

A

Acquired memory through repeated tasks

31
Q

Pharmocological treatment for moderate and severe ADHD

A

1st line - stimulants e.g. methyphenidate, dexamfetamine
2nd - SNRI e.g. atomoxetine
3rd - alpha agonists e.g. clinidine
4th - antidepressants, antipsychotics e.g. risperidone, imipramine

32
Q

What would a PET scan of someone suffering from schizophrenia show?

A

Hypoactivity of prefrontal lobes

Enlarged cerebral ventricles

33
Q

Definition of hallucination

A

A perception which occurs without an external stimulus that is experienced as if its really there.
Can be any sense
Is not subject to conscious manipulation

34
Q

Definition of ideas of reference

A

Normal events being ascribed significant meaning

Thinking news is about them or talking to them, seeing meaning in gestures

35
Q

Definition of delusions

A

A fixed, falsely held belief held with unshakeable conviction
Impervious to logical argument and unusual for the social, cultural, educational background of the patient
It is culturally defined
Primary - just appear in consciousness
Secondary - often attempts to explain hallucinations or depression etc.

36
Q

Definition of thought disorder

A

Weird associations, rhyming, punning, making up their own words

37
Q

Types of thought interference

A

Thought insertion = Belief that thoughts are being put inside your head
Thought withdrawal = belief that someone is taking thoughts out of your head
Thought broadcasting = belief that thoughts can be heard by everyone else
Thought blocking = get halfway through a thought then it dries up and they can’t think anything for a while

38
Q

Definition of passivity

A

Belief that someone else is moving their arm or making them feel their emotions or urges

39
Q

What sections can hold patients for what time frame?

A

72hrs = section 5, cannot be extended
28 days = section 2, cannot be extended
6 months = section 3, can be extended for another 6 months and then for a year

Year 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions