MSK revision Flashcards
Nerve supply to glut muscles
Glut max innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
Glut minimus and medius innervated by superior gluteal nerve
What’s unique about C1?
No body or spinous process
What’s the spinous process of C7 called?
Vertebra prominens
What organ metabolises vitamin d into its active form?
Kidneys
What does vitamin d do?
Regulated bone turnover and promotes bone reabsorption to boost serum calcium levels
It is needed to absorb calcium from intestines and phosphate from kidneys -> needed to make bone
What nerve innervates all the deep muscles of the butt?
Sacral plexus L4-S4
What is the big band of fascia down the lateral part of the thigh called?
Iliotibial tract
What type of crystals cause gout?
Urate crystals
Needle-shaped
Negative bifringement of polarised light
What is allopurinol?
Xanthase oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid levels
Used as a prophylactic treatment for gout
What type of crystals cause pseudogout?
Calcium phosphate crystals
Rhomboid shaped
Positive bifringement of polarised light
What antibodies are in SLE?
Anti-nuclear antibodies
- initial test for SLE (85% are positive)
- can be positive in healthy patients or those with other autoimmune conditions
Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA)
- specific to SLE
- levels vary with disease activity so can be used to monitor treatment
Anti-phospholipid antibodies
- anti-phospholipid syndrome can occur secondary to SLE
What antibodies are present in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Anti-ro
Anti-la
Which tendon is used to help identify the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Extensor hallucis longus tendon
Treatment for Raynaud’s
Nifedipine
Calcium channel blocker which allows vasodilation
What symptoms WILL NOT be present in rheumatoid arthritis?
Back pain
Which arthritis’ can be caused by STIs?
Chlamydia can cause reactive arthritis (can’t see, pee or climb a tree)
Gonorrhoea can cause septic arthritis
Describe the arterial supply to the upper limb
Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery then the brachial artery
In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries
Describe the arterial supply to the lower limb
External iliac artery becomes the femoral and deep femoral arteries at the acetabulum
The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
In the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb
Dorsal venous network drains into the cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins
The cephalic vein drains into axillary vein
The basilic vein drains into brachial vein
The median cubital vein branches between them in the cubital fossa
Describe the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb
The dorsal venous arch becomes the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein
The great saphenous vein travels the medial aspect of the limb and drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
The small saphenous vein travels the posterior midline of the leg and drains into the popliteal vein in popliteal fossa
What type of joint are the acromioclavicular and the sternoclavicular joints?
Synovial plane
What type of joint is the elbow?
Synovial hinge
What type of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
Synovial pivot
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Synovial ellipsoid
What is the annular ligament?
Originates and inserts on proximal ulna and wraps around the radius holding it close
Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert on greater tuberosity of humerus
Subscapularis inserts on lesser tuberosity
Describe anterior compartment of arm
Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
BBC muscles = biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Describe posterior compartment of arm
Innervated by radial nerve
Triceps brachii muscle
Nerve supply to hand muscles
Ulnar supplies hypothenar and allintrinsic muscles of hand except LOAF
Median supplies thenar and LOAF
LOAF = Lateral 2 lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Felxor pollicis brevis
Describe anterior compartment of forearm
All muscles innervated by median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by ulnar nerve
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of forearm
Radial nerve
Describe the sciatic nerve and what it supplies
L4-S3
Is under the piriformis
In the distal thigh it becomes with tibial nerve and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Supplies posterior thigh and all leg and foot muscles
What type of joint if pubic symphysis and vertebral joints?
Secondary cartilaginous
Axillary Nerve, how is it likely to be injured and what symptoms would an injury cause?
Surgical neck of humerus fracture
Stab wounds to shoulder
Shoulder dislocation
Sensory: Numb Sergeant’s patch
Motor: Weak all shoulder movements
Radial Nerve: how is it likely to be injured and symptoms of injury?
Fracture of shaft of humerus
Stab wounds to ACF, forearm or wrist
Compression of arm
Sensory: Numb posterior arm and forearm, numb radial part of hand
Motor: Weak arm movements, absent triceps and supinator reflex
WRIST DROP
What nerve damage is likely to cause wrist drop?
Radial Nerve proximal to elbow
Median Nerve: How can it be injured and symptoms of injury
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
Carpal tunnel
Sensory: Numb thenar eminence and median part of hand
Motor: Median parts of arm and hand, LOAF
HAND OF BENEDICTION (can only flex last two fingers)
What nerve injury causes claw hand?
Ulnar Nerve
Cant extend last two fingers
What nerve injury causes foot drop?
Common peroneal/fibular Nerve
Type of hip dislocation if there is EXTERNAL rotation
Anterior hip dislocation
Type of hip dislocation if there is INTERNAL rotation
Posterior hip dislocation
Signs of a hip fracture
Shortened leg and EXTERNALLY rotated
Nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?
C5-C7
Roots of axillary nerve
C5,C6
Roots of radial nerve
C5-C8
Roots of Median Nerve
C6, C8, T1
Roots of ulnar nerve
C8, T1
