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Year 3 > MSK revision > Flashcards

MSK revision Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve supply to glut muscles

A

Glut max innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

Glut minimus and medius innervated by superior gluteal nerve

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2
Q

What’s unique about C1?

A

No body or spinous process

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3
Q

What’s the spinous process of C7 called?

A

Vertebra prominens

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4
Q

What organ metabolises vitamin d into its active form?

A

Kidneys

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5
Q

What does vitamin d do?

A

Regulated bone turnover and promotes bone reabsorption to boost serum calcium levels
It is needed to absorb calcium from intestines and phosphate from kidneys -> needed to make bone

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6
Q

What nerve innervates all the deep muscles of the butt?

A

Sacral plexus L4-S4

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7
Q

What is the big band of fascia down the lateral part of the thigh called?

A

Iliotibial tract

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8
Q

What type of crystals cause gout?

A

Urate crystals
Needle-shaped
Negative bifringement of polarised light

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9
Q

What is allopurinol?

A

Xanthase oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid levels

Used as a prophylactic treatment for gout

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10
Q

What type of crystals cause pseudogout?

A

Calcium phosphate crystals
Rhomboid shaped
Positive bifringement of polarised light

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11
Q

What antibodies are in SLE?

A

Anti-nuclear antibodies

  • initial test for SLE (85% are positive)
  • can be positive in healthy patients or those with other autoimmune conditions

Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA)

  • specific to SLE
  • levels vary with disease activity so can be used to monitor treatment

Anti-phospholipid antibodies
- anti-phospholipid syndrome can occur secondary to SLE

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12
Q

What antibodies are present in Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

Anti-ro

Anti-la

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13
Q

Which tendon is used to help identify the dorsalis pedis pulse?

A

Extensor hallucis longus tendon

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14
Q

Treatment for Raynaud’s

A

Nifedipine

Calcium channel blocker which allows vasodilation

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15
Q

What symptoms WILL NOT be present in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Back pain

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16
Q

Which arthritis’ can be caused by STIs?

A

Chlamydia can cause reactive arthritis (can’t see, pee or climb a tree)
Gonorrhoea can cause septic arthritis

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17
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the upper limb

A

Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery then the brachial artery
In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries

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18
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the lower limb

A

External iliac artery becomes the femoral and deep femoral arteries at the acetabulum
The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
In the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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19
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb

A

Dorsal venous network drains into the cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins
The cephalic vein drains into axillary vein
The basilic vein drains into brachial vein
The median cubital vein branches between them in the cubital fossa

20
Q

Describe the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb

A

The dorsal venous arch becomes the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein
The great saphenous vein travels the medial aspect of the limb and drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
The small saphenous vein travels the posterior midline of the leg and drains into the popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

21
Q

What type of joint are the acromioclavicular and the sternoclavicular joints?

A

Synovial plane

22
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial hinge

23
Q

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot

24
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Synovial ellipsoid

25
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

Originates and inserts on proximal ulna and wraps around the radius holding it close

26
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert on greater tuberosity of humerus
Subscapularis inserts on lesser tuberosity

27
Q

Describe anterior compartment of arm

A

Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

BBC muscles = biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

28
Q

Describe posterior compartment of arm

A

Innervated by radial nerve

Triceps brachii muscle

29
Q

Nerve supply to hand muscles

A

Ulnar supplies hypothenar and allintrinsic muscles of hand except LOAF
Median supplies thenar and LOAF
LOAF = Lateral 2 lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Felxor pollicis brevis

30
Q

Describe anterior compartment of forearm

A

All muscles innervated by median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by ulnar nerve

31
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of forearm

A

Radial nerve

32
Q

Describe the sciatic nerve and what it supplies

A

L4-S3
Is under the piriformis
In the distal thigh it becomes with tibial nerve and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Supplies posterior thigh and all leg and foot muscles

33
Q

What type of joint if pubic symphysis and vertebral joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

34
Q

Axillary Nerve, how is it likely to be injured and what symptoms would an injury cause?

A

Surgical neck of humerus fracture
Stab wounds to shoulder
Shoulder dislocation

Sensory: Numb Sergeant’s patch
Motor: Weak all shoulder movements

35
Q

Radial Nerve: how is it likely to be injured and symptoms of injury?

A

Fracture of shaft of humerus
Stab wounds to ACF, forearm or wrist
Compression of arm

Sensory: Numb posterior arm and forearm, numb radial part of hand

Motor: Weak arm movements, absent triceps and supinator reflex

WRIST DROP

36
Q

What nerve damage is likely to cause wrist drop?

A

Radial Nerve proximal to elbow

37
Q

Median Nerve: How can it be injured and symptoms of injury

A

Supracondylar fracture of humerus
Carpal tunnel

Sensory: Numb thenar eminence and median part of hand

Motor: Median parts of arm and hand, LOAF

HAND OF BENEDICTION (can only flex last two fingers)

38
Q

What nerve injury causes claw hand?

A

Ulnar Nerve

Cant extend last two fingers

39
Q

What nerve injury causes foot drop?

A

Common peroneal/fibular Nerve

40
Q

Type of hip dislocation if there is EXTERNAL rotation

A

Anterior hip dislocation

41
Q

Type of hip dislocation if there is INTERNAL rotation

A

Posterior hip dislocation

42
Q

Signs of a hip fracture

A

Shortened leg and EXTERNALLY rotated

43
Q

Nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

44
Q

Roots of axillary nerve

A

C5,C6

45
Q

Roots of radial nerve

A

C5-C8

46
Q

Roots of Median Nerve

A

C6, C8, T1

47
Q

Roots of ulnar nerve

A

C8, T1

Year 3 (10 decks)

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