Psychedelics/Cannabis Flashcards
What are the 3 dissociative psychedelics?
phencyclidine (PCP)
ketamine
muscimol
Classical psychedelics are derivatives of __________________ and _______________
phenethylamine
tryptamine
What are 3 naturally occurring classical psychedelic drugs?
DMT
5-MeODMT (5x greater than DMT)
Psilocybin
Mescaline combines the MOA of which two illicit drugs?
LSD
MDMA
Most classical psychedelics are agonists of which receptor?
5-HT2a
Short-term adverse physiologic effects of psychedelic drug use
- tachycardia
- HTN
- Tremors
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
- Hyperthermia
Potential therapeutic uses of psychedelics
- cancer-related psychological distress
- PTSD
- Depression (treatment resistant)
- Substance use disorder (alcohol)
Shortcomings of psychedelic drug clinical trials
- small sample size
- Lack of or inadequate controls
- Selection bias
T/F: Tolerance to psychedelic drugs develops rapidly
TRUE
Dissociative psychedelics MOA
NMDA antagonists
Which enantiomer of ketamine is more active?
S(+)
How quickly does ketamine work?
10-60min - fast and short acting
What was esketamine recently FDA-approved for?
Treatment resistant depression
DXM dose for cough suppresion:
vs
DXM dose to induce high:
cough: <60mg
high: 100-600mg
Phencyclidine (PCP) is _____ potent than ketamine
MORE
PCP MOA
NMDA antagonist
D2 agonist
Muscimol MOA
GABAa agonist
What is the greatest risk with use of alkyl nitrites, or “poppers”?
Methemoglobinemia
Examples of volatile solvents (4)
Toluene (glues, spray paints)
Acetone (nail polish remover)
Benzene (cleaning fluids)
Butane (cigarette lighters, hairsprays)
Hallucination vs illusion
Hallucination = false perception arising from internal stimuli / false reality
Illusion = misperception of external stimuli / distorted reality
THC is a _____ agonist at CB1 receptor, while synthetic cannabinoids are ______ agonists
THC = partial
synthetic = full
Is CB1 expression higher in the brain or periphery?
Brain
Is CB2 expression higher in the brain or periphery?
Periphery
What are marinol (Dronabinol) and nabilone (Cesamet) used for?
Anti-emetic, usually from cancer drugs
What is the most common reported use of CBD?
Pain
CBD is FDA-approved for what?
Seizure disorders (Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome)
What are two risk factors/key determinants that may lead to psychosis followed by cannabis use?
Age of use onset
Potency of cannabinoid
What are four treatment options for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
- Cannabis cessation
- Benzodiazepines
- Haloperidol
- Capsaicin cream on abdomen
Two phenethylamine derivatives
Mescaline
MDMA
Two tryptamine derivatives
DMT
LSD
