Acute HF

Question 1

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 1

hypotension (SBP < 90mmHg or MAP < 70 mmHg) with low cardiac output

Question 2

Warm and wet (II) =

Answer 2

pulmonary congestion

Question 3

Cool and dry (III) =

Answer 3

hypoperfusion

Question 4

Cool and wet (IV) =

Answer 4

hypoperfusion and pulmonary congestion
*sickest patients

Question 5

II - Warm and Wet treatment

Answer 5

IV diuretics +/- venous vasodilator

Question 6

III - Cold and Dry treatment

Answer 6

If PCWP < 15: IV fluids
If PCWP > 15:
SBP<90: IV inotrope
SBP>90: IV inotrope or arterial vasodilator

Question 7

IV - Cold and Wet treatment

Answer 7

IV Diuretics

If SBP<90: IV inotrope
If SBP>90: IV arterial vasodilator

Question 8

Initial IV diuretic dose should _______ or ________ the chronic daily dose and be given as intermittent bolus

Answer 8

equal or exceed

Question 9

What three vasodilators are typically used in acute HF?

Answer 9

Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerin
Nesiritide

Question 10

Out of the three vasodilators typically used for acute HF, which one is primarily venodilation?

Answer 10

Nitroglycerin

Question 11

Which positive inotropes are beta-agonists?

Answer 11

Dobutamine
Dopamine

Question 12

Which positive inotropes are PDE-3 inhibitors?

Answer 12

milrinone
amrinone

Question 13

Milrinone causes more ________ (venous/arterial) vasodilation

Answer 13

venous

Question 14

What are positive inotropes primarily used for?

Answer 14

manage hypoperfusion/COLD HF patients