Fluids/Lytes Flashcards
Examples of crystalloid fluids
NS, 1/2 NS
D5W
LR
Balanced salt solutions
Examples of colloids
Albumin (5% or 25%)
Hetastarch
Tetrastarch
Blood
Plasmanate
Colloids are always ____tonic, and they are never ____________ fluids.
hyper
maintenance
NS (0.9% NaCl) - maintenance or resuscitation fluid?
resuscitation
1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl) - maintenance or resuscitation fluid?
maintenance
LR - maintenance or resuscitation fluid?
resuscitation
Balanced salt solutions are crystalloid solutions containing physiological levels of what?
Chloride
Buffer solutions
Three examples of balanced salt solutions:
- Lactated ringers
- Normosol-R
- Plasma-lyte
What is the most common MIVF?
D5W + 1/2 NS + 20mEq KCl/L
What are some drugs that can cause SIADH?
- Antipsychotics
- Carbamazepine
- SSRIs
What is the “Rule of 8s”?
Replace 1/2 Na+ deficit in first 8 hours, then the rest of the deficit within next 8-16 hours
What can occur if acute hyponatremia is corrected too rapidly?
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)
Treatment for asymptomatic and symptomatic hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
asymptomatic: 0.9% NaCl
symptomatic: 3% NaCl
*restore volume deficit
Avoid rise in serum Na+ > _________ mEq/L/hr or _________ mEq/L/day
> 0.5 / hr
8-12 / day
What is the most common cause of isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia?
SIADH
How does hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia present clinically?
DEHYDRATED
1. decreased skin turgor
2. hypotension
3. tachycardia
4. dry mucus membranes
How does hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia present clinically?
FLUID OVERLOAD
1. edema
2. weight gain
What can cause isotonic hyponatremia or “pseudohyponatremia”?
hypertriglyceridemia
hyperproteinemia
-> causes a dilution effect
