psych unit 9 Flashcards
social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about influence and relate to one another
attribution theory
theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
fundimental attribution error
the tendency for observers when analyzing anothers behabio to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
attitude
feelings often influenced by beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects people or events
periphreal route persuasion
occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues
ex: someone who is talking attractivness
central route persuasion
occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable throughts
foot in the door phenomenon
the tendency fro people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a bigger request
role
norms about a social position
ex: females cook
cognitive dissoance theory
theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent
norms
rules by a society guides behavior of people
conformity
adjusting someones behavior or thinking to coincide with a societal standard
normative social influence
influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid the opposite
informational social influence
influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
social facilitation
stronfer responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others
social loafing
tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling effects toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
deindividuation
loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anomity
group polarization
enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
groupthink
when we desire for harmony is a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
culture
beleifs customs and traditions among people
prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
discrimination
behaving differently usually unfairly toward the members of a group
just world phenomenon
the tendency for people to belive the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and get what they deserve
ingroup
people who share common identity
outgroup
social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition
ingroupbias
tendency to favor our own group
scapegoat theroy
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame for it
other-race effect
recall faces of ones OWN race then the faces of other faces
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destory
frustration-aggression principle
blocking of an attempt to achieve some goals that creates anger which makes agression
social script
culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
passionate love
aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
companionate love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom out lves intertwined with
equity
condition in which people recieve from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
lf-disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
bystander effect
tendency for bystanders to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
reciprocity norm
expectation that people will help not hurt people who have helped
social-responsibility norm
expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
conflict
a struggle between two people
social trap
rationalizing self interest become caught in mutually destructive behavior
mirror image perceptions
views often held by conflcting people as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other are evil
self fuffiling prophecy
a velief that leads to ones own fufillmetns
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT
a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
zimbardo
people take on the role of what they feel are proper for the situation
festinger
cognitive dissonance
asch
tendency to go along with vies and actions of others even if you know they are wrong
milgram
obedience electrical shocks to incorrect answers learners were paid actors
darley
bystander apathy diffusion of responsibility
latane
social loafing
