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psyc unit 1 > psyc unit 1 > Flashcards

psyc unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

critical thinking

A

Using reason and evidence to anylyze and decide a logical action or belif
ex: A doctor anylyzes patients situations and which will be treated in which order.

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2
Q

Empiricism

A

Our source of knowledge is through experience. Touching, smelling: senses
Ex:”Most people like sour candy over sweet candy.” -not true, just your experience

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3
Q

Wilhem Wundt

A

Father of psyc. First lab and examined cognitive structures.
ex: founder of structuralism

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4
Q

Structialism

A

study of how simple feelings and experiences form more complex structures
ex: saying a word with different emphasis and tone will give it a diffornet meaning.

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5
Q

Bradford Titchener

A

he continued Wilhelm ideas, structuralism

ex: structuralism is breaking down mental process into basic components

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6
Q

William James

A

she created functialism and taught Mary, who was a PHD psychologist. Margrett Wash whom was the 1st women to get a psyc degree.

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7
Q

Introspection

A

contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct

ex: Anna compmentated weather or not she wanted to wear a dress today.

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8
Q

Mary Calkins

A

introduced the field of psychology. She believed that the conscious was the main focus of psychology.

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9
Q

Functionalism

A

Consiouness enables analyze past and plan future.

ex:”Ouch thats hot lets not do that”

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10
Q

Behavioralism

A

The idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the enviornment. Rewards
Ex: People work to get money and pay off debt, ect

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11
Q

Humanistic psyc

A

The study of the whole person.

Ex: a therapist studying their new clients needs and what also hasent been met.

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12
Q

Cognitive psyc

A

The brain making connections from past experiences

ex: I remember that person from middle school

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13
Q

cognitive

A

problem solving

ex: solving a multi-step algebra question

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14
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

discipline to study cognition from the level of cranial nerve, and is an important field of learning science.
ex:perception, selective attention, memory, language, emotion and consciousness.

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15
Q

psychology

A

the mental and emotional factors in studying a person

ex: setting up and experiment and studying the behaviors of a hangry person.

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16
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

whether one’s genes (nature) are more or less influential than they way they were raised (nurture)
ex: genetics or experience is the reason a child is blonde

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17
Q

evolutionary psyc

A

adaptations and mechanisms of the mind that have evolved to solve specific problems of survival or reproduction.
ex: ability to recognize poisonous snakes

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18
Q

behavior genetics

A

the study of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors. By examining genetic influence, more information can be gleaned about how the environment operates to affect behavior
ex: depression

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19
Q

culture

A

These values and concepts are passed on from generation to generation, and they are the basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
ex: holiday traditions

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20
Q

positive psyc

A

the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning.
ex: the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organisations to thrive

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21
Q

biopsycosocial approach

A

Bio (physiological pathology)
Psycho (thoughts emotions and behaviours such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, current coping methods and attribution)
Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors suchs as work issues, family circumstances and benefits/economics)
ex: People may start smoking for psycological reasons, such as thinking it makes them less stressed or because of personality traits

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22
Q

behavioral psyc

A

Behavioral psychology, or behaviorism, is a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior
ex: Tim does his homework so his mom doesnt yell at him now.

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23
Q

biological psyc

A

it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics.

ex: examines the relationship between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and the influence of heredity on behavior.

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24
Q

psychodynamic psycology

A

studies how unconsious drives and conflicts with influencial behavior
ex: used to treat people with psycological disorders

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25
Q

social cultural

A

study how situations and culture affects our behavior and thinking
ex: social values and attitudes while doing certain tasks.

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26
Q

testing effect

A

better memory after processing, rather than just looking at information
ex: someone remembering a book when they process and think about it , rather than just skimming it.

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27
Q

sQR3R

A

a study method

ex: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

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28
Q

Psychometrics

A

scientific study of human abilities attitudes and traits

ex: watching how humans interact when angry.

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29
Q

basic research

A

all science that increases the scientific knowledge base

ex: basing results off of the scientific facts

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30
Q

developmental psychology

A

the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives.
ex: learning how to walk, rather than just crawling.

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31
Q

development psyc

A

studies physical cognitive and social change throught life span
ex: how someone interacts with someone throught their development

32
Q

educational psyc

A

study of psychological process affect can better teach and learn someone

33
Q

personality psyc

A

study of someones characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

34
Q

social psycology

A

study of how we think about and relate to others

35
Q

applied reaserch

A

aims to solve practical problems

36
Q

industrial-organizational psycology

A

applied concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces

37
Q

human factors psyc

A

explores how people and machines interact.

ex: how machines and physical enviorments can be made safe and easy to opperate

38
Q

counseling psyc

A

assists people in ,
ex: work or school problems
to achive a higher well being

39
Q

clinical psyc

A

a brach of psychology that studies and treats people with psyc problems
ex: personality disorder treatments

40
Q

psychiatry

A

medicine dealing with psyc disorders

ex: they provide medical treatments and therapy

41
Q

community psyc

A

studies how people interact with social enviorments

ex: social insitutions affecting groups of people

42
Q

hindsight bias

A

tendency to belive after learning the outcome, that someone could of predicted it
ex: i knew that team was going to win! , no you didnt

43
Q

theory

A

an explination using principles that organizes obervations and predicts behaviors or events

44
Q

operational definition

A

carefully worded statemtns in procedures used in research study

45
Q

replication

A

repeating a research study with difforent participents in difforent situations to see similarities

46
Q

case study

A

a one man or group studies in depth, hopes to reveal universal principals

47
Q

naturalistic observation

A

recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without stimuli

48
Q

survey

A

reported attitudes or behaviors by a certain group by questioning a representative
ex: asking a random sample about their opinions of a drug

49
Q

sampling bias

A

flawed sampling that makes the product unrepresetative and untrue

50
Q

population

A

all who is being studied, and samples will be drawn from the population
ex: picking a group of students of a population to preform for the play

51
Q

random sample

A

a sample that represents a population because each member has the same chance of being in the expireiment

52
Q

correlation

A

when two factors vary together and how each predicts eachother

53
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical similarity of two things

ex: -1 and +1

54
Q

variable

A

anything that can be varied, and is ethical and legal to measure

55
Q

scatterplot

A

a cluster of dots that represents two variables and weather they are weak or strong

56
Q

illusory correlation

A

percieving a relationship that doesnt exist

ex: thinking your close to someone than you actually are

57
Q

regression tward the mean

A

tendency for extreme or unusual scores to regress tword the average
ex: all students getting a F on the test

58
Q

experiment

A

the investigator manipulates factors to observe the mental or behavioral process of a sample

59
Q

experimental group

A

the group that is exposed to the treatments. a version to the independent variable

60
Q

control group

A

the group in the expiremnt that isnt treated and is contrasted to the experimental group.
ex: a conparison for evaluating the effect of a tested drug

61
Q

random assignment

A

assigning participants to control conditions by chance which minimizes preexisting difforences between the 2 difforent samples

62
Q

double blind procedure

A

where the the research staff and research participants are ignorant about the treatment or placebo.
ex: drug evaluation studies

63
Q

placebo

A

a fake outcome, something that effects nothing

ex: pushing the “wait” button will make the traffic signal light come on faster.

64
Q

independent variable

A

the factor that is manipulated. the variables effect is being studied
ex: the cause; what the epirementer is changing

65
Q

confounding variable

A

a factor other than independent that might have an effect in an experiment

66
Q

dependent variable

A

the outcome that might change due to manipulation of the independent.
ex: the expirementer cannot control the outcomel: effect

67
Q

validity

A

weather or not a test predicts whats supposed to happen

68
Q

informed consent

A

giving participants some info to enable them whather or not they want to participate

69
Q

debriefing

A

after the expiriment and the explanation of the study.

ex: purpose to participants

70
Q

descriptive statistics

A

number data that measures and describes characteristics of groups.

71
Q

histogram

A

a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

72
Q

skeweed distribution

A

scores that are not summetric around the average value

73
Q

range

A

diference between high and low scores in distribution

74
Q

standard deviation

A

measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

75
Q

normal curve

A

bell shaped curve that describes distribution of physical and psycological attributes. Usually the scores are near average.
ex: Its very rare for someone to land near the extreme high/low range

76
Q

inferential statistics

A

number data that can be generlized to infer a true statement about the population

77
Q

statistical significance

A

a stats statement of how likely it is that a result occurred by chance

psyc unit 1 (5 decks)

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