psych 7 Flashcards
motivation
ones incentive or reason for behaving a certain way
ex: which impels a character to act like wanting to workout for muscle
instinct
a complex unlearned behavior that is passed along species
ex: flinch when something is thrown at you
physiological need
those relating to the basic biological necessities of life
ex: food drinks rest and houses
drive-reduction theory
an idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tensio state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
ex: money is needed to buy food. i need to make money to buy food
homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
ex: blood glucose levels
incentive
a positive or negative enviormental stimulus that motivates behavior
ex: working harded as a taxi driver to get more stars
yerkes-dodson law
principle that performance on tasls is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty to the tast
ex: higher arousal for cleaning, lower arousal for strenuous math homework
hierarchy of needs
Maslows pyramid of himan needs, startin with the basic needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety
ex: i need to have food in order to move up in the pyramid
glucose
a simple sugar that is an important source of energy
ex: sugar in blood
set point theory
the idea that body monitors fat-ce;; levels to keep them fairly stable
ex: weight
basal metabolic rate
age changes your metabolic rate
ex: im 80, so im going to gain weight easier. im 18 so im going to not gain as much weight when i eat
obesity
a condition of being over weight and having an excessive amount of bodyfat
ex: eating too much calories and not buring enough
asexual
The lack of desire to have sexual attraction to others.
ex: someone not wanting relationships and doesn’t like the idea of it.
testosterone
the responsible for typically male behaviors, such as aggression, competitiveness and superior visuo-spatial abilitie
ex: facial hair and deepening voice.
estrogen
produced mainly by the ovaries and act as the principal female sex hormones
ex: what regulates the menstral cycle in girls
sexual response cycle
excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Both men and women experience these phases, although the timing usually is different.
ex: refactory period isnt included in the 4 stages
refractory period
when talking on the phone while driving causes you to react slower to seeing a stopped car in front of you.
ex: the next time you see a friend texting and driving, remind them that by doing so they are slowing their reaction time, which could be dangerous.
affiliation need
engagement in positive social interactions with other individuals. ex: Attachment is thye affiliation as a effect of the development of a social bond.
ostracism
an extreme form of rejection in which one is excluded and ignored in the presence of others.
ex: being excluded from frineds
narcissism
ultra ego. everything is about me
ex: always taking pictures
achievement motivation
the need for excellence and significant accomplishment
ex: despite what rewards may be offered after the achievement has been met.
grit
the passionate and preserverence for long term goals
ex: my grit is to be a singer
emotion
“a complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioral and physiological elements.” ex: sad emotion is how individuals deal with matters like crying
james-lange theory
it proposes that emotional stimuli first induce peripheral physiological variations, which occur without consciousness of affect
ex: stimulating events like haunted houses create a response like screaming and being scared
canon-bard thoery
the lower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion.
ex: when im sad and experience this, the thalamus is in control
two-factory-theory (schacter)
physiological arousal determines the strength of the emotion, while cognitive appraisal identifies the emotion label
ex: my hearts rasing, i need to know why
polygraph
a device that measures and records several physiological indicators of stress
ex: if youre lying, then it will measure your higher heart rate
facial feedback effect
it not only expresses an emotion, but also an expression and experience are linked in that different sensory feedback from the facial action
ex: someone looking scared will be in a scary situation typically. when I recieve a gift I should look happy with a smile.
behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.
ex: i am mad, so the behavior feedback will be me throwing a chair
stress
any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain. it is your body’s response to anything that requires attention or action. ex: people get stress when having lots to do.
general adaptation syndrome
the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative.
ex: I just failed two tests, the stages will be
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
tend and befriend response
females typically look for comfort in others when stressed or sad.
ex: I just failed 2 tests, I will go to my friend for comfort and help
health psychology
focuses on how biological, social and psychological factors influence health and illness.
ex: I have no friends, so my health may decline. I am super stressed, I am more suseptable for illness
coronary heart disease
conditions not only affect your emotional state but can also impact on your symptoms of heart disease.
ex: depression and anxiety can influence this.
type A
a pattern of behavior and personality associated with high achievement, competitiveness, and impatience
ex: someone who has motivation to achieve thingsmay be type A
type B
a pattern of behavior associated with layed back and relaxed people
ex: someone who procrastinates
catharsis
A discussion with a friend about a problem you are facing might spark a moment of insight
ex: you are able to see how an event from earlier in your life might be contributing to your current patterns of behavior.
aerobic exercise
cardiovasular conditioning, good for stress situations and good for mental and physical health
mindfulness/meditation
awareness of one’s internal states and surroundings.
ex: could help people avoid destructive or automatic habits by learning to observe their thoughts,
feel-ggod-do-good phenomenon
the idea that when one is in high spirits and having a good day, they will reciprocate that to others
ex: i just passed all of my exams, I will feel more suseptable to help an old lady cross the street.
positive psychology
subjective well-being
adaptive-level phenomenon
relative deprivation
relative deprivation
personality
psychodynamic theories
this helps others understand their emotions ex: By talking through these emotions and behaviors with a social worker, clients come to know themselves better and make better decisions for themselves.
unconscious
the unconscious mind is the repository for thoughts, feelings, and memories of which a person is not consciously aware
ex: hatred of a family member
free association
deepen your self-understanding by looking at whatever thoughts, words, or images come freely to your mind.
ex: what is this object? -as words come to my brain freely to understand-
Id, ego, superego
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, the super-ego operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego
sychosexual stages
during the five psychosexual stage the erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure.
ex: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages,
oedipus complex
unconsous secual desire for someone
ex: a boy who acts possessive of his mother and tells the father not to touch her.
fixation
When one’s desire is tied to an object of desire connected to an earlier phase in one’s psychosexual development
ex: child has issues during the weaning process, they might develop an oral fixation.
defense mechanisms
unconscious psychological operation that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and outer stressors.
ex: flinching
repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consous anciety-arousing
ex: arousing thoughts feelings and memories
collective unconscious
Carl Jungs concept of a shared inheritied reservoir of memory traces from our species history
ex: almost everyone has the inherited fear of large animals
projective tests (TAT)
a personality test
ex: rorschach or the TAT
it provides ambigious stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner ways they act and react
terror-management theory
a theory of death-related anxiety. explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their apporaching death
ex: someone making poor decisions because they have the mindset that their going to die anyways
humanistic theories
wier personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
ex: learning to accept everyone leads to a nicer workplace
hierarchy of needs
the needs Maslow advances in this theory are: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
ex: its like climbing the mountain, the higher you go the more needs you can achieve throught your life
self-actualization
the realization or fulfillment of one’s talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.
ex: i know that i have the potential to become a doctor
self-transcendence
it is the realization that you are one small part of a greater whole, and acting accordingly.
ex: i am slef transcendence because I belive in a higher above
unconditional positive regard
expressing empathy, support, and acceptance to someone, regardless of what they say or do
ex: i am putting my self in your shoes and I am so empathetic towards your situation
self-concept
a collection of beliefes one holds about theirself and about others
ex: i belive that I am a human who is nice
trait
a personality characteristic that describes or determines someones normal behaviors in different hypthetical situations
ex: if there was money on the ground would you take it?
personality inventory
a personality assessment device that consists of statements that are defined by characteristics and behavioral patterns. ex: true or false, you like to talk to strangers
MMPI
a psychological test that assesses personality traits.
ex: someone who has a mental health issue and it tells us if they are a suspect or not
empirically derived test
a personality test that uses the empirical method that enhances objectivty
ex: I took the test and it told me about my personality traits based on questions
