psych unit 6 Flashcards
developmental psychology
Studying how people grow, develop at different life stages. Ex: studying the difference between emotional techniques in babies vs adults.
zygote
fertalized eggs that attach to the uterine wall to become an embryo ex: the first stage in conception and rapidly divides.
embryo
2-8 weeks after fertilization the embryo is developing into a fetus ex: surrounded by fluid-filled sac in uterus.
fetus
prenatal development after the 8 weeks of conception.ex: an unborn offspring that develops and grows inside the uterus
teratogens
a substance that is consumed that interferes with fetal development and cognitive disabilities
ex: drugs, alcohol and toxic substances for babys.
fetal alcohol syndrome
when the fetus is affected by a mother that is drinking alcohol when pregnant. ex: results in abnormal conditions or diseases.
habituation
when a child starts giving less attention or paying no attention after repeated exposure to a stimulus. ex: a child always being told to stop, which results in them being use to the word and not “stopping” when told
maturation
developing of emotional/ social skills and completing of growth for a human. ex: maturing is knowing how to handle emotions responsibly
cognition
how children explore think and figure life and other aspects out. ex: conscious and unconsious accumulation of knowledge
schema
the structure of how one thinks. can effect what you pay attention to. ex: thinking of a dog, one will think of a framework or basic example.
assimilation
Piaget defined assimilation as the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding
ex: fitting a new experience of a new bird into ones schema of birds already
accomidation
changing how we think of a schema to fit in new information ex: changing the way you think of someone based on actions theyve done when you learn that they saved a baby from a fire
sensorimotor stage
the first stage. a child learns about the world by using their senses to interact with things. ex: brushing your hand in their palm, they will grasp it.
object premence
the cognitive development of a baby when they recognize that when an object isnt seen, it is still existing. ex: hiding a toy behind your back and a baby knowing it didnt disappear and its still existing behind her/ in the world.
preoperational stage
around age 7 children can think of things sumbolically
ex: a child roleplaying as a dad would know that a dad represents a parent that takes care of a child
concrete operational stage
according to pigeat this has to do with conservation and logical reasoning
ex: a child knowing the cause and effect of throwing a toy, or knowing about liquid amounts in glasses
formal operational stage
according to piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development is during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
ex: thinking of a hypotheses and sustematically testing it to have an answer to a problem
scaffold
a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop hgher levels of thinking
ex: giving half of the definition for a vocabulary word until they can know it without the help.
autism spectrum disorder
a disorder that appears in childhood. deficient in communication and social interactions
ex: repetitive behaviors caught as a child
stranger anxiety
the fear of stranger danger that infants usually have.
ex: crying around random new faces
attachment
an emotional tie wih another person. in younger people they seek to be close with caregiver
ex: showing distress when the person is gone, and being happy when they are around
critical period
an optimal period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli produces normal development
ex: missing the critical period for language acquisition, then ending up having trouble later on in learning speech.
imprinting
when an infant creates attachments during a critical period
ex: wanting to be around your mother because of the exposure when you were little
strange situation
a behavior test developed Mary Ainsworth that is used to determine a childs attachement style
ex: sensitive moms having secure attached childern
secure attachment
a relationship where the infant is comforted and confident from the presense of his hers caretaker
ex: crying when they leave, and being happy when theyre back
insecure attachment
the attachment style for infants. insecure attachment is seen through avoiding contact with the caregiver.
ex: avoidant behavior towards caretakers.
temperament
emotional reactions, the scale depends on the speed and intensity of emotional reactions
ex: a child quickly throwing a fit after not getting their way.
basic trust
beliving that the person who is trused will do what is expected
ex: a baby smiling at you, and then you responding in a positive way
self-concept
believing about yourself and the idea one has about themselves
ex: thinking to your self “i am a good sister because blah blah” and they recognize that
aggression
the range of behaviors that can result in physical and psychological harm to you or others
ex: flipping a table when you miss a problem on a question
relational aggression
harming relationships by bullying or manipulative behavior
ex: bullying someone to give you lunch money
role
knowing everyone’s roles in your life
ex: knowing that your mom has the role of a mother to you
gender roles
the behaviors women and men exhibit in private and public.
ex: how we are expected to act as women or as a man
gender identity
perseptual concept of one knowing their gender
ex: i know that I am a girl.
social learning theory
the thory that socal behavior is learned through observing and imitating the behavior of others
ex: a child learning not to yell or they will be in time out
gender typing
when a child adopts behaviors and values that they belive is a part of their gender
ex:
i belive im a girl so im going to adopt the behaviors of a girl
androgyny
characteristics of both genders that are expressed in a signle individual
ex: someone having values of a boy and girl
transgender
a person switching genders
ex: a girl switching to a boy
abolescence
the period following puberty during a young person develops a child into an adult
ex: a growth spurt in height
puberty
identity
to be self defined and characteristics that are not shared with others
ex: knowing who you are
social identity
the way that peoples self concepts are based on membership in social groups
ex: if i were to be a weird person, im gonna hangout with other weird people
intimacy
the ability to form close friendships and relationships
ex: showing someone your true self
emerging adulthood
ages around 18-25 when teenagers develop into a young adult
ex: having a house, lover ect.
X chromosome
This chromosome is a sex characteristic that proves female identity
ex: females have two of these
Y chromosome
This chromosome is a sex characteristic which proves male identity
ex: men have one of these and an x
testostrome
A hormone in the testicals
ex: a man with with testostrome will typically have more muscle mass and angier
primary sex charactericts
Any genetically given part that shows weather you have male parts or girl parts
ex: ovaries, scrotum
secondary sec characteristics
what develops in males and females that have to do with their gender
ex: facial hair, pubic hair
spermarche
the development of sperm in boys testicles during puberty
ex: sperm
menarche
the first occurance of menenstration
ex: i got my period wow im turning into a women
intersex
someone born with both male and female sec characteristics
ex: deep voice and overies
AIDS
a sexualy transmitted diseace
ex: oops
secual orientation
if you chose to present your self or identify as a male female or both or neither
ex: i orientate myself as a female
menopause
when the females body stops putting out eggs, so their period stops and they cant have babys anymore
ex: no longer having my period
cross-sectional study
a study with many different indivduals at a time
ex: a study involving people ranging from 0-50 and both genders
longitudinal study
a study that spans over time
ex: studying the same kids over their life until they are 40
neurocognitive disorders
decreased mental funtion due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness
ex: a medically described disease can damage someones brain, and making them not be able to function notmally
alzheimers diseace
dementia that effects memory thinking and behavior
ex: someone who cant thinks straight or remember who their children are
social clock
when people in osciety think its the normal age to get a job house and wife
ex: im 20, time to find love
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