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psychology 1/2 > psych unit 1 aos1 definitions > Flashcards

psych unit 1 aos1 definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

psychology

A

study of the brain and its mental processes

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2
Q

wernickes area

A

responsible for understanding written or spoken language

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3
Q

frontal lobe

A

plays a role in thinking, feeling, behaving

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4
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives and processes sensory/bodily information

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5
Q

brocas area

A

controls speech muscles and planning speech

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6
Q

occipital lobe

A

sense of vision

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7
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory perception, memory, and identification

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8
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord, carries messages from brain to PNS

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9
Q

spinal cord

A

connects brain and PNS

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10
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

all neurons outside CNS, carries messages from PNS to brain

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11
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls automatic body functions

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12
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

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13
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activates body’s organs, muscles, and glands in preparation for increased activity

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14
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

returns and maintains body’s organs, muslces, glands to normal

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15
Q

left hemisphere

A

receives sensations from right side, verbal and analytical functions

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16
Q

right hemisphere

A

receives sensations form left side, spatial and visual thinking

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17
Q

interneurons

A

carry information between motor and sensory neurons

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18
Q

sensory neurons

A

input from sensory organs to brain

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19
Q

motor neurons

A

output from the brain to muscles and glands

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20
Q

neurotransmitter

A

transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

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21
Q

brain

A

organises and interprets information

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22
Q

glial cells

A

provide support for neural function

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23
Q

oligodendroglia

A

insulate neurons in the CNS by forming the myelin sheath

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24
Q

schwann cells

A

insulate neurons in the PNS by forming the myelin sheath

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25
Q

astrocytes

A

star shaped cells that provide structural support by holding neurons in place

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26
Q

microglia

A

small cells which protect neurons from intruders

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27
Q

ethics

A

the standards that guide individuals to identify good and acceptable conduct when carrying out research

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28
Q

confidentiality

A

subjects have the right to keep information about themselves private unless otherwise stated

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29
Q

voluntary participation

A

subjects have the right not to be pressured into participating in the experiment

30
Q

withdrawal rights

A

researcher must tell the subject beforehand that they have the right to leave the experiment at any time without consequences

31
Q

informed consent

A

subjects have the right to be informed of the nature of the research and participation required by them

32
Q

debriefing

A

subjects have the right to be informed of the results of the study at the end of the experiment. Any distress in the subject must be addressed

33
Q

deception

A

if deception is necessary for the experiment, the researcher must ensure the subject doesnt suffer any distress

34
Q

sampling procedure

A
35
Q

independent variable

A

the variable thats manipulated or changed to observe its effects on another variable

36
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that changes as a result of the iv

37
Q

extraneous variables

A

variables other than the iv that can cause change in the dv

38
Q

brain vs heart debate

A

a debate on whether the heart or the brain control human impulses and emotions

39
Q

mind body problem

A

debate on what the connection between the mind and the body is

40
Q

phrenology

A

the idea that different bumps on the skull could reveal different parts of a persons personality

41
Q

dualism

A

theory that states that the mind and body are two different things that interact with each other

42
Q

brain ablation

A

the process of disabling, removing, selective brain tissue to record changes in brain behaviour

43
Q

electrical brain stimulation

A

involves using a mild current to stimulate areas of the brain

44
Q

nucleus

A

contains the genetic material of the cell

45
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty coating that protects the axon

46
Q

axon

A

transmits electrical impulses of information to other neurons

47
Q

dendrites

A

receives electrical impulses from other cells at the synapses and are transmitted throughout the body

48
Q

axon terminal

A

contains neurotransmitters

49
Q

synapse

A

transfers information in the form of electric impulses from one cell to another

50
Q

soma

A

combines neural information received from neurons

51
Q

sensory neurons

A

send signals from sense organs

52
Q

motor neurons

A

sends signals to muscles to tell them to move

53
Q

interneurons

A

carries messages between the sensory and motor neurons

54
Q

hindbrain

A

contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

55
Q

medulla

A

controls automatic impulses necessary for survival

56
Q

pons

A

bridge between cerebral cortex and cerebellum. involved with sleeping, dreaming, waking

57
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates movement, controls posture, balance, learning, and memory

58
Q

midbrain

A

processes sensory information, controls sleeping, waking, and arousal

59
Q

forebrain

A

made up of a cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. controls thinking, learning, memory

60
Q

hypothalamus

A

helps maintain internal environment

61
Q

thalamus

A

filters information from all sensory receptor sites and passes it to the relevant areas of the brain for processing

62
Q

cerebrum

A

split into two, responsible for what we think, feel, do

63
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outermost layer of the brain involved in the more complex mental abilities such as perception, language, memory, and problem solving

64
Q

right hemisphere

A

controls non verbal functions which includes visual thinking, recognition, and recognising emotional cues. it controls motor skills of the left

65
Q

left hemisphere

A

controls verbal functions including recognising words, speaking and understand speech, analytical function. controls motor skills of the right

66
Q

brain plasticity

A

the ability of the brain to change its structure or function in response to stimulation from the environment

67
Q

adaptive plasticity

A

ability of the brain to compensate for lost function or maximise remaining function

68
Q

sprouting

A

growth of additional branches on axons to enable new connections

69
Q

rerouting

A

when an undamaged neuron has lost connection and seeks a new one

70
Q

maturation

A

orderly sequential development changes which occur in the nervous system

psychology 1/2 (4 decks)

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