psych unit 1 aos1 definitions

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

study of the brain and its mental processes

Question 2

wernickes area

Answer 2

responsible for understanding written or spoken language

Question 3

frontal lobe

Answer 3

plays a role in thinking, feeling, behaving

Question 4

parietal lobe

Answer 4

receives and processes sensory/bodily information

Question 5

brocas area

Answer 5

controls speech muscles and planning speech

Question 6

occipital lobe

Answer 6

sense of vision

Question 7

temporal lobe

Answer 7

auditory perception, memory, and identification

Question 8

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 8

brain and spinal cord, carries messages from brain to PNS

Question 9

spinal cord

Answer 9

connects brain and PNS

Question 10

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 10

all neurons outside CNS, carries messages from PNS to brain

Question 11

autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

controls automatic body functions

Question 12

somatic nervous system

Answer 12

voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 13

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

activates body’s organs, muscles, and glands in preparation for increased activity

Question 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

returns and maintains body’s organs, muslces, glands to normal

Question 15

left hemisphere

Answer 15

receives sensations from right side, verbal and analytical functions

Question 16

right hemisphere

Answer 16

receives sensations form left side, spatial and visual thinking

Question 17

interneurons

Answer 17

carry information between motor and sensory neurons

Question 18

sensory neurons

Answer 18

input from sensory organs to brain

Question 19

motor neurons

Answer 19

output from the brain to muscles and glands

Question 20

neurotransmitter

Answer 20

transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

Question 21

brain

Answer 21

organises and interprets information

Question 22

glial cells

Answer 22

provide support for neural function

Question 23

oligodendroglia

Answer 23

insulate neurons in the CNS by forming the myelin sheath

Question 24

schwann cells

Answer 24

insulate neurons in the PNS by forming the myelin sheath

Question 25

astrocytes

Answer 25

star shaped cells that provide structural support by holding neurons in place

Question 26

microglia

Answer 26

small cells which protect neurons from intruders

Question 27

ethics

Answer 27

the standards that guide individuals to identify good and acceptable conduct when carrying out research

Question 28

confidentiality

Answer 28

subjects have the right to keep information about themselves private unless otherwise stated

Question 29

voluntary participation

Answer 29

subjects have the right not to be pressured into participating in the experiment

Question 30

withdrawal rights

Answer 30

researcher must tell the subject beforehand that they have the right to leave the experiment at any time without consequences

Question 31

informed consent

Answer 31

subjects have the right to be informed of the nature of the research and participation required by them

Question 32

debriefing

Answer 32

subjects have the right to be informed of the results of the study at the end of the experiment. Any distress in the subject must be addressed

Question 33

deception

Answer 33

if deception is necessary for the experiment, the researcher must ensure the subject doesnt suffer any distress

Question 34

sampling procedure

Question 35

independent variable

Answer 35

the variable thats manipulated or changed to observe its effects on another variable

Question 36

dependent variable

Answer 36

the variable that changes as a result of the iv

Question 37

extraneous variables

Answer 37

variables other than the iv that can cause change in the dv

Question 38

brain vs heart debate

Answer 38

a debate on whether the heart or the brain control human impulses and emotions

Question 39

mind body problem

Answer 39

debate on what the connection between the mind and the body is

Question 40

phrenology

Answer 40

the idea that different bumps on the skull could reveal different parts of a persons personality

Question 41

dualism

Answer 41

theory that states that the mind and body are two different things that interact with each other

Question 42

brain ablation

Answer 42

the process of disabling, removing, selective brain tissue to record changes in brain behaviour

Question 43

electrical brain stimulation

Answer 43

involves using a mild current to stimulate areas of the brain

Question 44

nucleus

Answer 44

contains the genetic material of the cell

Question 45

myelin sheath

Answer 45

fatty coating that protects the axon

Question 46

axon

Answer 46

transmits electrical impulses of information to other neurons

Question 47

dendrites

Answer 47

receives electrical impulses from other cells at the synapses and are transmitted throughout the body

Question 48

axon terminal

Answer 48

contains neurotransmitters

Question 49

synapse

Answer 49

transfers information in the form of electric impulses from one cell to another

Question 50

soma

Answer 50

combines neural information received from neurons

Question 51

sensory neurons

Answer 51

send signals from sense organs

Question 52

motor neurons

Answer 52

sends signals to muscles to tell them to move

Question 53

interneurons

Answer 53

carries messages between the sensory and motor neurons

Question 54

hindbrain

Answer 54

contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 55

medulla

Answer 55

controls automatic impulses necessary for survival

Question 56

pons

Answer 56

bridge between cerebral cortex and cerebellum. involved with sleeping, dreaming, waking

Question 57

cerebellum

Answer 57

coordinates movement, controls posture, balance, learning, and memory

Question 58

midbrain

Answer 58

processes sensory information, controls sleeping, waking, and arousal

Question 59

forebrain

Answer 59

made up of a cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. controls thinking, learning, memory

Question 60

hypothalamus

Answer 60

helps maintain internal environment

Question 61

thalamus

Answer 61

filters information from all sensory receptor sites and passes it to the relevant areas of the brain for processing

Question 62

cerebrum

Answer 62

split into two, responsible for what we think, feel, do

Question 63

cerebral cortex

Answer 63

outermost layer of the brain involved in the more complex mental abilities such as perception, language, memory, and problem solving

Question 64

right hemisphere

Answer 64

controls non verbal functions which includes visual thinking, recognition, and recognising emotional cues. it controls motor skills of the left

Question 65

left hemisphere

Answer 65

controls verbal functions including recognising words, speaking and understand speech, analytical function. controls motor skills of the right

Question 66

brain plasticity

Answer 66

the ability of the brain to change its structure or function in response to stimulation from the environment

Question 67

adaptive plasticity

Answer 67

ability of the brain to compensate for lost function or maximise remaining function

Question 68

sprouting

Answer 68

growth of additional branches on axons to enable new connections

Question 69

rerouting

Answer 69

when an undamaged neuron has lost connection and seeks a new one

Question 70

maturation

Answer 70

orderly sequential development changes which occur in the nervous system