PSYCH / SOC CLASS 3 Flashcards
What is impression management?
The process we attempt to manage our own image by influencing the perceptions of other
What is dramaturgical perspective?
We imagine ourselves as playing certain roles when interacting with others
What is the goal of dramaturgical perspective?
Present an acceptable self to others
What is self-concept?
The self-identity, self-construction or self-perspective - beliefs about who you are as an individual
What makes up the self-concept or self-identity?
Personal identity and social identity
What is the nemonic for identity self-concept to remember the cultural characteristics?
Addressing
What is self-schemas?
Beliefs and ideas you have about yourself
What does self-schemas help you do?
Guide and organize the processing of information that is relevant to you
What is statement of fact?
A characteristics that’s neither good or bad
What is self-efficacy to the task?
Specific tasks
What is self-efficacy?
How good you think you are at doing something
What is high self-efficacy?
You believe you are good at doing something
What is low self-efficacy?
You believe you’re bad at doing something
What is locus of control?
Whether you think you have control over what happens to you
What is internal locus of control?
You believe you have control over events
What is external locus of control?
You do not believe you have control over events
What is low self-efficacy and external locus of control?
Learned helplessness
Based on learned helplessness, does it include tasks that you predict being bad at?
No, it has to be tried
What is aversive control?
Behavior is motivated by the reality or threat of something unpleasant happeing
What are the two types of aversive control?
- Escape behavior
2. Avoidance behavior
What is escape behavior?
Termination of an unpredicted, unpleasant stimulus that has already occurred
What is avoidance behavior?
Avoidance of a predictable, unpleasant stimulus before it is initiated
What concept best applies to self-schemas?
Beliefs about the self
What concept best applies to self-esteem?
Beliefs about one’s self-woth
What concept best applies to self-efficacy?
Belief’s in one’s competence
What concept best applies to locus of control?
Locus of control
What is social learning theory?
earning through observation even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcements
What are reference groups?
Any one that helped
What is social comparison theory?
Gain accurate self-evaluations by comparing ourselves to others
What is perspective taking?
Ability to understand the cognitive and affective aspects of another’s persons’ point of view; known as role taking
What is moral identity?
The degree to which being a moral person is important to a person’s identity
What are the levels of moral identity?
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Postconventional
Why are rules obeyed in preconventional?
Avoid punishment and for personal gain
Why are rules obeyed in conventional?
Obeyed for approval ad to maintain social order; avoid anomie
What are rules followed in post conventional?
Rules that infringe on the rights of others are challenged; establish own rules with personal ethical principles
What is social facilitation effect?
Tendency of performance to improve for simple, well-ingrained tasks
Social facilitation tends to not occur for….?
For novel, complex tasks
What is deindividuation?
High degree of arousal and low degree of personal responsibility, lose sense of restraint and individual identity
What is another term with deindividuation?
Mob mentality
What is the bystander effect?
Most people are less likely to help a victim when other people are present
What is diffusion of responsibility?
The tendency that the larger the group, the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility
What is social loafing?
When people work in a group, each person is likely to exert less individual effort than working alone
What is peer pressure?
Refers to situations in which individuals feels directly or indirectly pressured to change their behavior to math that of their peers
What are peer groups?
Are social groups whose members are close in age and share interests
What is group think?
Desire to achieve harmony and reach a consensus decision
What does group think cause?
Groups to not critically evaluate alternative viewpoints and leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making
When is groupthink more likely to occur?
Overly optimism and strongly believes in its stance
How does the groupthink in group justifies their own decisions?
Demonizes those of its opponent s
What happens when a groupthink dissents the group?
Opinions, information and facts are preventing from permeating the group (mindguarding)
What do the individuals that dissent feel?
Feel pressured to censor their own opinions in favor of the perceived consensus which creates an illusion of group unanimity
What is group polarization?
A group agreement causes the preexisting views of group members to intensify
Group polarization involves only…
1 group
What is a dispositional attribution?
Internal causes: attribute behavior to this a character flaw
What is situational attribution?
External causes: attribute behavior by an excuse
What is fundamental attribution error?
Attribute another person’s behavior to their personality
What is actor-observer bias?
Attribute our own actions to the situation
What is self-serving bias?
Attribute our successes to ourselves, but our failures to others
What is optimism bias?
Bad things happen to other people but not to ourselves
What is just world belief?
Bad things happen to others because of their own actions or inaction
What is the difference type of groups in ultimate attribution error?
- In-Group Member
2. Out-Group Member
If an in-group member make a good behavior?
Result of person’s character or personality (internal attribution)
If an out-group member make a good behavior?
Uncommon circumstances or an exception to the rule (external attribution_
If an in-group member make a bad behavior?
Believed to be rare, an exception to the rule (External attribution)
If an out-group member make a bad behavior?
Flaw in that person’s character or personality (internal attribution)
What do we call the belief in the superiority of the one group/culture over another?
Ethnocentrism
