PSYCH/SOC CLASS 1 Flashcards
What is the functionalist theory?
Individuals work together to maintain solidarity, balance, order and social stability
Example of society systems?
Nations, military, religion
Example of society organs?
States, Hospital, University
Example of society cells?
People, cities, communities
What is societies homeostasis?
Dynamic equilibrium
Who is Durkheim?
Founder of modern sociology
Why did Durkheim begin his society theory?
Because post-industrial, societies were complex
Who is the first who theorized society?
Durkheim
What is common consciousness?
People shares common goal of bettering society
What is anomie?
The opposite of dynamic equilibrium; dysfunctions in societies
What did Durkheim define anomie as?
Mismatch b/n the wider social standards and standards of smaller groups
What does manifest mean society?
Intended and obvious purpose
What does latent mean in society?
Unintended or less recognizable
Example of manifest mean in society?
Specialization
What is the flaw with Durkheim?
Too Utopia; ignored individual desires
Which theory came against Durkheim’s?
Conflict Theory
What is conflict theory?
Competition for limited resources
What do conflict theory compete for?
Social, political, and material power
What are conflict theorists concerned with?
Imbalances in wealth, power and prestige
What do the imbalances in wealth, power and prestige create?
Class struggles
The imbalances in wealth, power and prestige create class struggle and what does that lead to?
Class struggle between those who control production and factory workers
Who is the founder of the conflict theorist?
Karl Marx
What did Karl Marx say about capitalism?
Economic system that encourages private ownership in order to produce profit
What did Karl Marx suggest?
Socialism
What is false consciousness?
Lack of awareness; subordinate class see themselves as individuals instead of exploited group
What is class consciousness?
Members of subordinate social class are aware they are being exploited by the wealthy
What is the problem with the Marx theory?
Too dystopian; there’s more than 1 source of conflict rather than just money
Who’s theorist went against Marx?
Weber
What did Weber find wrong about the conflict theory?
There are other conflicts, not just income
What did Weber say was happening as a result of society increasing their rationalizing?
Had to embrace science and move away from traditional spirituality, religion, morality, etc….start thinking of everything
What did Weber think about ideas and beliefs?
Exerts a powerful effect on society (question authority)
What is symbolic interaction?
Personal interpretation of the meaning of the world around them
Who are the founders of modern sociology?
Durkheim, Weber and Marx
Symbolic interaction is what type of theory? Micro or macro?
Micro-level theory
How do symbolic interactionist give meanings to the world around them?
Culturally derived social objects that have shared meaning; maintained through social interaction
What did Mead found?
Founder of social psychology
What was Mead focused on?
Development of the self
What are the three stages of Mead?
- Preparatory Stage
- Play Stage
- Game Stage
What happens during the game stage?
Generalized other
What is the ME part of Mead’s theory?
How the generalized other view us
What is the I part of Mead’s theory?
Personal identity and individuality
Who is the looking glass self theorist?
Cooley
How is the self formed, based on Charles Cooley?
Shaped by other and interactions with others and perception of others
How is the individual formed, based on Charles Cooley?
Shape themselves on this perception, tending to confirm expectations
What is a social construct?
An invention of a given society
What is a major focus of social constructs?
Study of how individuals and groups participate in the construction of a social reality
What is socialization?
Dynamic, ongoing process by which individual internalizes the values beliefs and norms of their society
What type of theory is social construct? Macro or micro
Macro and micro
What is the rational choice theory?
Individuals make decisions by comparing the costs and benefits
What is the goal of the rational choice theory?
Maximize benefits and reduce costs
What is the exchange choice theory?
Individuals responds to rewards and reduce punishments
What is the goal of the exchange choice theory?
Maximize rewards and reduce punishments
What is the rational theory based on?
Economic Theory
What is the exchange theory based on?
Behavioral Psychology
What is the first wave of the feminist theory?
Dealt with women’s suffrage
What was the second wave of the feminist theory?
Dealt with social liberties - gender equality, equal pay, reproductive rights
What is the third wave of feminist theory?
Dealt with intersectionality
What is the glass escalator metaphor?
Men are often fast tracked to advanced positions when entering professions
What is the glass ceiling metaphor?
Invisible barrier that prevents a demographic from rising beyond a certain level of hierarchy
What type of theory is feminism, macro or micro?
False; can be either macro or micro
What does functionalist compare their theory to?
Like a living organism
Is functionalism macro or micro?
Macro theory level
What did Durkheim say about division of labor?
Intricate division of labor
What did Durkheim say that dynamic equilibrium end with, based on society? (Its a term)
Common consciousness
How did Durkheim define anomie as?
A mismatch between the wider social standards and the standards individuals or smaller groups within that wider society
What is latent dysfunction?
Negative after affects that were not intended
What is practically a synonym of conflict theory?
Competition
What theory did Karl Marx found?
Conflict Theorist
What did Karl Marx predict about capitalism?
Cause greater and greater inequality because private owners are incentivized to minimize wages of workers
Class consciousness or false consciousness, in which one has anomie already ensued?
Class consciousness
What type of theory is the conflict theory? Macro or micro?
Macro
What did Weber pointed out humans are becoming due to a result of industrialization?
Rational and bureaucratic
Since Marx only focused on wealth, what did Weber segue?
There are more than 1 source of conflict that results in imbalance
Weber is treated as what type of theorists?
Conflict theorists and symbolic interactionist
What allowed symbols to provide the means by which reality is constructed?
Language and communication
What was Mead ideas forming?
Foundation for symbolic interactionist school of thought
Based on Mead’s theory, what is “generalized other”?
The generalized attitude of a large social group
What is a way of remembering the difference between the me and the I of Mead?
What will they think of ME?
Is exchange-rational theory micro or macro level theory?
Micro-level theories
What is intersectionality and which theory dealt with it?
Study of how different social identities such as gender, race and class - feminist
Who created the symbolic interaction theory?
Mead
Who created the conflict theory?
Marx and Weber
Who created the functionalism theory?
Durkheim
