Psych/Soc: AAMC FL1 Flashcards
Compared to a group who has to observe locations of objects all at one time, another group who is shown different locations of objects one by one might be more likely to cause:
A. a primacy effect.
B. a state dependency effect.
C. a misinformation effect.
D. a dual-coding effect.
A. a primacy effect. - better remember things at the beginning of the series
Dan drinks way too much at a party. At this party, you tell Dan that he’s the hottest. When Dan is sober, he doesn’t remember this piece of information but when he drinks alcohol he remembers it. What is this phenomena called?
A. a primacy effect.
B. a state dependency effect.
C. a misinformation effect.
D. a dual-coding effect.
B. a state dependency effect.
You recall information when youre in the same state of consciousness as you were when you learned the info
When both visual and verbal info is used to represent information
A. a primacy effect.
B. a state dependency effect.
C. a misinformation effect.
D. a dual-coding effect.
D. a dual-coding effect.
Verbal - language
visual - images/emotions/actions sensory based
The researchers change the procedure such that instead of placing the objects in a box, the participants have to recall all the objects that they have seen during training. According to the spreading of activation theory, which type of memory error is most likely?
A.Making source monitoring errors regarding the location of the training objects
B.Poorer memory for the training objects seen at the later points in the experiment
C.Selective forgetting of the training objects that were placed in the center of the box
D.Recalling objects that were not presented but are from the same category as the training objects
D.Recalling objects that were not presented but are from the same category as the training objects
The children participate in a study using Piaget’s water conservation task. They are shown two identical beakers, containing equal amounts of water. The water from one of the containers is poured into a thinner and taller beaker. Which prediction is most likely to be confirmed?
A.All three age groups will state that the water in the taller beaker is greater in quantity.
B.The majority of the 11-year-olds will state that the amount of water in the taller beaker is the same as in the original beaker.
C.The majority of the 9- and 11-year-olds will state that the amount of water in the taller beaker is greater in quantity.
D.The majority of the 7-year-olds will state that the amount of water in the taller beaker is the same as in the original beaker.
B.The majority of the 11-year-olds will state that the amount of water in the taller beaker is the same as in the original beaker.
Concrete operational: 7-11
- they dont understand conservation yet
Formal operational: 11 and up
Classical conditioning is most closely related to which approach to psychological disorders?
A.Psychodynamic
B.Behaviorist
C.Trait
D.Humanistic
B.Behaviorist
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
A.Psychodynamic
B.Behaviorist
C.Trait
D.Humanistic
A.Psychodynamic
stable characteristics that causes people to behave in certain ways
A.Psychodynamic
B.Behaviorist
C.Trait
D.Humanistic
C.Trait
Specifically, patients with high interoceptive awareness are likely to associate mild changes in bodily sensations (such as slightly heightened heartbeat) with the panic they experienced during panic attacks; this leads to conditioned fear in response to changes in bodily sensations (MaintenanceFactor 1).
According to Maintenance Factor 1, mild changes in bodily sensations act as:
A.unconditioned stimuli.
B.conditioned stimuli.
C.unconditioned responses.
D.conditioned responses.
B.conditioned stimuli.
mild changes in bodily sensations become cues that are associated with excessive panic. Thus, those mild changes in bodily sensations become conditioned stimuli, which elicit the conditioned fear response.
Patient 2: I am terrified of having a panic attack at a meeting. I dread the thought of others noticing how nervous I am. I’m worried that others will think I am weird. I don’t go to meetings anymore.
For Patient 2, panic attacks act as:
A.discriminatory stimuli.
B.signaling stimuli.
C.positive punishers
D.negative punishers.
C.positive punishers
Postive= add something
punish = diminishes behavior
Interoceptive awareness involves sensitivity to increases in the activity of the:
A.reticular activation system.
B.autonomic nervous system.
C.limbic system.
D.somatic nervous system.
B.autonomic nervous system.
Interoceptive awareness is described as increased sensitivity to internal bodily sensations, such as heartbeat and blood pressure, which are regulated by the ANS
Which term refers to the interpretation of bodily sensations
Cognitive appraisal
Harlequin ichthyosis, a rare genetic disorder, causes the skin to become thick and scaly. Flaking skin behind the eyelids of individuals with this condition is most likely to damage which structure of the eye?
A.Choroid
B.Cornea
C.Lens
D.Retina
B.Cornea
Sound-induced vibrations depolarize hair cells of the cochlea by opening ion channels that are gated in what way?
A.Chemically
B.Mechanically
C.Electrically
D.Synaptically
B.Mechanically
Max attends a party and does not make eye contact with, or approach, his acquaintance, Sam. According to the actor–observer bias, what best represents how Max and Sam view this behavior?
Maxs self judgement: not feeling well
Sams judgment of max: max is socially awkward
actors attribute their own behavior to situational factors (not feeling well) whereas observers attribute actors behaviors to dispositional factors (awkwardness)
In a study, each trial involves administering a drop of lemon juice to the participant’s tongue and measuring the participant’s level of salivation. As more trials are conducted, the researcher finds that the magnitude of salivation declines. After a certain point, the researcher switches to administering lime juice. This researcher is most likely studying which process?
A.Sensory perception
B.Habituation and dishabituation
C.Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning
D.Conditioned responses in classical conditioning
B.Habituation and dishabituation
What is the optimal arousal theory
states that optimal performance requires optimal arousal and that arousal levels that are too high or too low will impede performance
Which measure would be most useful if the researchers were interested in the degree of sympathetic arousal experienced?
A.A measure of electrical conductivity of the skin
B.A CT scan of the hindbrain
C.A PET scan of the parietal cortex
D.A measure of melatonin levels
A.A measure of electrical conductivity of the skin
Which measure would be most useful if the researchers were interested in focusing on activation (and thus brain function) using radioactive glucose?
A.A measure of electrical conductivity of the skin
B.A CT scan of the hindbrain
C.A PET scan of the parietal cortex
D.A measure of melatonin levels
C.A PET scan of the parietal cortex
radioactive glucose releases positrons via beta decay. As a result, the gamma rays biproduct can be visualized. Its usually used to detect tumors since they will have the highest consumption of radioactive glucose
Which measure would be most useful if the researchers were interested in structural information (very similar to an X ray)
A.A measure of electrical conductivity of the skin
B.A CT scan of the hindbrain
C.A PET scan of the parietal cortex
D.A measure of melatonin levels
B.A CT scan of the hindbrain
What does Selye’s general adaptation syndrome tell us
peoples response to various stressors is similar. Adding additional stressors is unneccessary because the human stress response is not specific to a type of stressor
It was found that in-sync activity makes participants more prone to comply when prompted to engage in aggression.
Which conclusion is best supported by the outcome of this?
A.Synchronous activity increases group polarization.
B.Synchronous activity increases conformity.
C.Asynchronous activity increases cognitive dissonance.
D.Asynchronous activity increases social loafing.
B.Synchronous activity increases conformity.
COMPLY = CONFORM
Which brain region is most likely involved in the execution of a coordinated motor task?
A.Hippocampus
B.Hypothalamus
C.Cochlea
D.Cerebellum
D.Cerebellum
