Psych OAT Barbie

Question 1

Person perception

Answer 1

The mental processes we undertake/use to think and evaluate other people

Question 2

Social categorisation

Answer 2

Classifying each other into different groups on the basis of common characteristics

Question 3

Ingroup

Answer 3

A group that you belong to or identify with

Question 4

Outgroup

Answer 4

Any group you do not belong to or do not identify with

Question 5

Attribution

Answer 5

The process by which we explain the cause of our own or another person’s behaviour

Question 6

Internal attribution

Answer 6

An explanation due to the characteristics of the person involved, such as their ability, personality, mood, effort, etc.

Question 7

External attribution

Answer 7

An explanation of behaviour due to factors associated with the situation the person is in

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

The tendency to overestimate the influence of personal factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors

Question 9

Actor-observer bias

Answer 9

Our tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external or situational factors, yet attribute others behaviour to internal factors

Question 10

Self-serving bias

Answer 10

Taking credit for our own successes and denying responsibility for failure, which is blamed on external, situational factors

Question 11

Attitude

Answer 11

An evaluation a person makes about an object, person, group, event, or issue

Question 12

Tri-Component Model

Answer 12

Proposes that any attitude has three related components - the affective, behavioural, and cognitive components

Question 13

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

An unpleasant psychological state that occurs when people become aware that there is inconsistency among their beliefs, or that their behaviour conflicts with their cognitions

Question 14

Stereotype

Answer 14

A generalisation about the personal characteristics of the members of a social group

Question 15

Social stigma

Answer 15

Negative labels and attitudes associated with disapproval or rejection by others who are not labelled in that way

Question 16

Cognitive bias

Answer 16

A systematic error of judgement and faulty decision making

Question 17

Halo effect

Answer 17

The tendency to allow our overall positive impression of a person, or of a specific quality, to influence our beliefs and expectations about the person in other qualities

Question 18

Prejudice

Answer 18

A negative attitude towards another person or social group, formed in advance of any experience

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

When a person or a social group is treated differently than others

Question 20

Sexism

Answer 20

Discrimination on the basis of sex

Question 21

Intergroup contact

Answer 21

Increasing direct contact between two groups who are prejudiced against each other

Question 22

Extended contact

Answer 22

Sustained or ongoing contact either directly or indirectly over a period of time

Question 23

Mutual interdependence

Answer 23

Two rival groups are placed in a contact situation in which they are mutually interdependent

Question 24

Superordinate goals

Answer 24

A goal that cannot be achieved by any one group alone overrides other existing goals by which each group might have

Question 25

Equality of status

Answer 25

Two groups must have equal status in contact situation

Question 26

Cognitive interventions

Answer 26

Changing the way in which someone thinks about prejudice

Question 27

Confirmation bias

Answer 27

The tendency to seek, recall, or interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs, and dismissing contradictory evidence

Question 28

Heuristics

Answer 28

A strategy for solving a problem or making a decision that is based on experience with similar types of problems but cannot guarantee a correct outcome

Question 29

Availability heuristic

Answer 29

Making a judgement based on how easy or difficult it is to bring specific examples to mind

Question 30

Representative heuristic

Answer 30

Categorising a person, object, event, or anything else by judging how closely it matches our idea of a typical member of the category

Question 31

Affect heuristic

Answer 31

Making a judgement that is influenced by the emotion being experienced at the time