Psych in Children Flashcards
ID criteria
- intellectual and adaptive deficits
- 2+ intelligence tests below average
- affect multiple domains, need support for ADLs
- onset during development
Two genetic causes of ID
- Down Syndrome
- Fragile X
1 preventable cause of ID
FAS
1 inherited form of ID
Fragile X
Three features FAS
- growth retardation
- CNS involvement
- facial dysmorphology
Age group diagnosed with global developmental delay
- patients under 5, reassess at later time
- patients over age 5= ID
Specific Learning Disorder is often comorbid with ____.
ADHD
Specific Learning Disorder Criteria
- impaired academic achievement at least 6 mos
- not better accounted for by ID or sensory deficits/ subpar education
Sex most often affected by SLD
male
List the four communication disorders:
- language disorder
- speech sound disorder
- childhood onset fluency disorder
- social pragmatic comm disorder
Describe language disorder:
-difficulty acquiring and using language via many modalities (spoken, written, sign language)
Childhood onset fluency disorder is aka?
-stuttering
ADHD subtypes
1) predominantly inattentive
2) predominantly hyperactive
3) combined
ADHD diagnostic criteria
- 6+ inattentive or hyperactive symptoms
- present 6+ months
- present in multiple domains (ie home and school)
- sx interfere with functioning, not due to other disorder
- onset before age 12
Females w/ ADHD most often have which subtype?
Adults?
-inattentive, females + adults
Environmental risks for ADHD
- smoking, alcohol in pregnancy
- LBW
- abuse and neglect
MC comorbid disorders with ADHD
- ODD
- Conduct Disorder
- Specific Learning Disorder
ADHD treatments:
1st line
2nd line
1) stimulants
2)atomoxetine, or a2 agonists
(note a2 agonists may also be used WITH stimulants)
List a2 agonists used in treatment of ADHD
guanfacine
clonidine
MOA atomoxetine
NE reuptake inhibitor
DEFINITION ASD:
-impaired communication +restricted interests
Sex most often diagnosed with ASD?
male: female 4:1
Red flag for ASD
rapid deterioration of language skills during first two years of life
Workup that should be done before diagnosing ASD
hearing function test
Most common known single gene cause of ASD?
Other genetic causes?
Fragile X MC
Also: Retts, Downs, TS
Conditions often comorbid with ASD
- ID
- epilepsy
Medication prescribed in ASD
-low dose atypical antipsychotics
(risperidone, aripiprazole)
…. for aggression and irritability
Tourette’s Criteria:
- Multiple motor and at least 1 vocal tic
- Present for at least 1 year
- Prior to age 18
- Not caused by substance or other condition
Typical age of onset for Tourette’s
between 4-6
Tourette’s is often comorbid with?
- OCD
- ADHD
First and second line treatment for tics:
- 1: a2 agonists (guanfacine, clonidine)
- 2: atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, pimozide)
Tic disorders in addition to tourettes:
- persistent chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
- provisional tic disorder (less than 1 year)
ODD criteria
- 4+ symptoms present for 6 months with at least one individual who is not a sibling
- Behaviors must not occur exclusively with another mental disorder
Two common comorbid disorders with ODD:
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