psych drugs Flashcards
define psychosis
lack of contact with reality
What are the symptoms of depression
P: low mood, anhedonia, decreased energy
S: decreased apetite, sleep disturbences, aches and pains, irritibility , hoplesness, helpnessnes slef harm/suecidal ideas/ascts, psychotic epsiods
hwta are the theories for depression
Monoamine hypothesis
neurotransmitor receptor hypotheis (abnormal receptors)
monoamin gene expression
what is serpotonin syndrom
hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, sweating, myoclonus
define hallucinations
perseption of absent, external stimuls i..e olfactory, visual, auditory, gastational, tectile
define delusion
o A fixed false belief that is out of keeping with someone’s cultural or religious beliefs
what are different types of symptoms
- Positive => hallucinations, delusions, though disorder, abnormal behaviour
- Negative => social withdrawal, poverty of speech and thought
- Cognitive => selective attention, poor memory, reduced abstract thought
- Affective => anxiety and depression
What is the theory of Schizophrenia dn what are the evidence
high dopamin => +ve symptoms induced by amphetamins
what are the main dopaminergic pathways in the brain
Mesolimbic => emotional response and behavour=> hippocampus and amygdale
meso-cortic => mood and qarausal
Nigrostraiatl
tuberoinfandibular => prolactinin hypothalamus and pituitary
What is the theory abot schizophrenia associated with 5 HT
increase in 5HT=> improved by antagonist e.g. clozapine
exacerbation with precursors of serotonin (tryprophan)
What is the theory abot schizophrenia associated with glutamate
decreased cortical glutamate => +ve and -ve symptoms with non-competitive anatgonist of NMDA and raised number of glutamate receptors
define anxiety
fear out of proportion to situation
what are muscarinic side effects
o Salivation o Sweating o Lacrimation o Urinary Incontinence o Diarrhoea o GI upset and hypermotility o Emesis
