desc path Flashcards
What areas of the cortex are important for motor system
motor cortex (M1), pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor area
What is the pathway of corticospinal tract
cortex=> internal capsule=> ventral pones=> pyramids of medulla=> ventral spinal cord
What is the point of decussation of corticospinal cord
lateral corticospinal=> inferior medulla, ventral corticospinal ipsilateral
where dose the corticobulbar tract terminate
nuclei of CN
what is the function of corticospinal tracts
voluntary, skilled, discreet movement
what are the functions of vestibulospinal tract
innervation of anti-gravity muscles
What is the function of tectospinal tract?
rapid response to visual/audio stimuli
what is the function of reticulospinal tract
posture and rhythmic movement (locomotion) medullar => flexors, pontine => extensors
what are the functions of rubrospinal tract
flexor tone in distal muscles
which extrapyramidal tract decussate and where
rubrospinal => ventral tegmental region and tectospinal => dorsal tegmental region
how is cerebellum connected to other parts of the brain
peduncles
what are the 3 parts of cerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Vestibulocerebellum
what are the functions of vestibulocerebellum and what inputs does it receive
vestibular centre input=> ocular reflux and balance
What are the functions of spinocerebellum
error correction based on sensory and motor stimuli
What are the functions of Cerebrocerebellum
planning and learning involved in movement
what are the signs of cerebellar disfunction
dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria (non-smooth movements) inability to learn new movements (require visual and so cerebral input for new movements), ataxic gait, ataxic dysarthric speech nystagmus, hypotonia
What are the functions of basal ganglion
motor control, muscle tone, posture; control via thalamus
List the components of basal ganglion
caudata nucleus, Globus pallidum, Substantia nigra (paras compact and reticulata) subthalamic nucleus, putamen
What are the components of striatum and why is it important?
caudata nucleus and putamen => input portion of BG (from thalamus, cerebral cortex and substantia nigra )
What are the two pathway that inhibit movement on BG level?
indirect and hypo-direct
What part of BG regulates output from striatum
substantia nigra compacta
what type of disorder is Parkinson’s disease what pathway does it affect
hypokinetic; nigrostriatal
What are the neurotransmitter changes in Huntington’s disease
reduction in GABA a and Ach => loss of inhibitory pathway
What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s
D1 damage of SNc reduces inhibition of GPI which increases inhibition on thalamus
What are the symptoms of PD
pill-rolling trauma, hypertonia, bradykinesis, shuffling gate, mask face,
