Psych Disorders, Schizophrenia Flashcards
Psychosis
-Thought disorder which reality is Grossly impaired
-May be evidenced by symptoms of hallucinations delusions, disorganized thinking, disorganization of personality, deterioration of reality and bizarre behaviors
-Can be a sole diagnosis (NOS)
Hallucination
Alterations to the sensory system (5 senses)
-Command hallucinations can be harmful
Delusion
Alterations to their thought process
Biological factors contributing to schizophrenias
-Genetic
-Psychological
-Environmental
-Brain structure abnormalities (Holes in the brain)
-Neurobiological
Genetic contributions to Schizophrenia
-50% risk if both parents have it
-Sibling puts you at a 10% risk
-Essentially there is a strong genetic component in schizophrenia
Differences in sex and schizophrenia
-Male: Earlier onset (18-25 yrs), With More structural differences, prevalent Negative symptoms
-Female: Later onset (25-35yrs) with less structural differences, leading to better outcomes. Rare that symptoms occur before 19
Stigma of psych disorders
-Struggles to get insurance coverage
-Substance abuse, high prevalence of substance use (Self medication), complicates diagnosis and medications (Interactions with meds)
-A majority of people with schizophrenia smoke nicotine
Losses that occur with schizophrenia
-Schizophrenia is diagnosed usually after 18, and you can lose alot of your life with it
-Such as your role and routines, former friends/relationships, sense of self, Sense of belonging in society
Psych disorders
-Delusional disorder
-Brief psych disorder (Only for like a day)
-Schizophreniform disorder: similar to schizophrenia but its duration is usually 1-6 mo when schizophrenia is 6 mo+
-Schizoaffective disorder: Schizophrenia + Mania, hard to treat
-Substance/medication induced psychotic disorder
Comorbidities with psych disorders
-Substance use disorders
-Anxiety
-Depression
-Suicide: High prevalence of attempts and successes
-Psych polydipsia: Drink so much it causes severe hyponatremia
Medical conditions that can cause acute psychosis
-Alc withdrawal
-Huntington’s disease
-Hypo/hyper thyroidism
-Hypoglycemia
-Ca imbalances
-Temporal lobe epilepsy
-Wilson’s disease
-CNS neoplasms
-Encephalitis
-Meningitis
-Neurosyphilis (Stage 3 goes to brain)
-Stroke
-Hepatic encephalopathy
-DKA
-Vitamin B-12
Course of the disorder, schizophrenia
-Prodromal
-Acute psychosis
-Residual stage
Schizophrenia course: Prodromal
Stage of early change, precursor to the disorder
-Can begin in childhood
-Early recognition, early treatment
Schizophrenia course: Active Psychosis
-Acute psychotic phase
-Can be hospitalized
-Hallucinations and delusions
-Aggressive treatment find out the cause
Schizophrenia course: Residual
-Post acute psychosis
-Decrease in positive signs (Hallucination/delusions)
-More negative symptoms remain (Flat affect, impaired role functioning)
-Residual impairment increases after each episode of psychosis (It becomes harder and harder to bounce back to what you were)
Schizophrenia prognosis
-Difficult to predict
-Uncommon for people to return to full functioning
-Identify factors that lead to positive outcomes
Factors that lead to positive outcomes schizophrenia
-Early recognition (Early treatment)
-Female gender (Less brain degeneration)
-Abrupt onset of symptoms with obvious precipitating factors
-Rapid resolution of active phase symptoms
-Absence of structural brain abnormalities
-Normal neuro functioning
-No family history of schizophrenia
Factors that lead to negative outcomes schizophrenia
-Chronic medical conditions
-Substance abuse
-Stress
-Frequency and intensity of episodes (Long and often)
-Social deficits
Schizophrenia and suicide
They commit at high rates, comorbid mental disorders, younger people are more likely, Females are more likely
Schizophrenia symptoms: Related to speech
-Echolalia
-Circumstantiality
-Word salad
-Neologism
-Clang association
-Metonymic speech
-Stilted language
-Pressured speech
Echoloalia
-repetition of another person’s for no reason
Circumstantiality
Can’t stay on track, gives useless details before arriving at the point
Word salad
They say words in a sentence in a random order in a sentence that doesnt make sense
Neologism
Making up words that only have meaning to them
Clang association
Rhyming words for no reason
Metonymic speech
Using words with similar meanings interchangeably
Stilted language
Words that are excessively formal, stilted as in high up and fancy
Pressured speech
Speaking so fast, not letting you get a word in
Interventions for alterations in speech
-Explain how their behavior can disturb others
-Anticipate their needs
-Orientate them to reality, call them by their name
-Be concrete in speech (direct)
-Avoid abstractions,phrases, cliche jokes
Schizophrenia: Alterations in thinking
-Loose associations
-Tangentiality
-Flight of ideas
-Paranoia
-Referential
-Autistic thinking
-Concrete
-Verbigeration
Loose associations
Cant connect the dots between things
Tangentiality
Perpetual tangent
-Mind doesnt let them get to the point
Flight of ideas
-Spitballing
-Babbling
Paranoia
Thinks there might be people after them
Irrational fear
Referential
-Feels like something that doesnt affect them at all is being directed at them
-Watching the news and thinks they are speaking directly to them
Autistic thinking/ Concrete
-Very literal
-Black and white
-Cant understand metaphors
Verbigeration
Repetition of words that don’t serve a purpose
-Example: dog cat ate car work
Schizophrenia symptoms, Alterations in perception
-DePersonalization
-Hallucinations: Perception with no external stimuli
-Illusions
-Derealization
Depersonalization
-Loss of self or identity
