psych cram

Question 1

Learning Theory

Answer 1

Classical and Operant Conditioning

Classical - Pavlov’s Dog

Operant - Conditioning in response to positive and negative punishment and reinforcement. Negative reinforcement can be scape, ie. the removal of a noxious stmulus following correct behaviour, or active avoidance, ie. the behaviour leads to the avoidance of a noxious stimulus.

Question 2

Two factor theory of phobias

Answer 2

Classical, experience, such as a car crash, can lead to conditioned fear of all cars.

Operant, the avoidance of cars leads to negative reinforcement of the fear of cars. ie. if you stay away from cars, you won’t get into a car crash.

Question 3

Social Learning theory

Answer 3

Three factor, modeled behaviour relies on the innate person and the learning environment they find themselves in.

Children acan learn to imitate adult behaviour with, or more importantly without, reinforcement.

Question 4

Health Behaviour

Answer 4

Behaviours by people perceived to be healthy that aim to prevent disease.

Question 5

Expectancy Value theory

Answer 5

Behaviours occurring relies on the expectancy that behaviours will lead to particular outcomes

Question 6

Health Belief Model

Answer 6

Aims to explain and predict health behaviours.

perceptions, cues to action etc

Question 7

Planned Behaviour

Answer 7

Intention is key determinant in predicting behaviour.

Question 8

transtheoretical model of change

Answer 8

Also Stages of change model
identifies common processes that occur in behavioural change.
pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse