psych chapter 1

Question 1

Empirical

Answer 1

relying and or derived by observation, experimentation or measurement

Question 2

psychology

Answer 2

the science concerned with behaviour and mental process and how it is affected by an organisms physical state, mental state or external environment.

Question 3

psychobable

Answer 3

the pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and scientific sounding language

Question 4

critical thinking

Answer 4

the ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments based on well supported reasons and evidence and not on emotion or annectdote

Question 5

Ocams razor

Answer 5

the process of choosing the solution with the most evidence and the fewest unverified assumptions.

Question 6

8 critical thinking guidlines

Answer 6

1. ask questions and be willing to wonder
2. define your terms
3. examine the evidence.
4. analyze assumptions and bias.
5. avoid emotional reasoning
6. dont oversimplify
7. consider other interpretations
8. tolerate uncertainty

Question 7

phrenology

Answer 7

the now discredited theory that specific areas of the brain account for specific character and personality traits, which can be read from the bumps on the skull.

Question 8

Structuralism

Answer 8

An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements.

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour or consciousness.

Question 10

psychoanalysis

Answer 10

A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, which was formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 11

What are the 5 major perspectives of psychology

Answer 11

1. the biological perspective
2. the learning perspective
3. the cognitive perspective
4. the sociocultural perspective
5. the psychodynamic perspective

Question 12

Biological perspective

Answer 12

it is a psychological approach that emphasizes the bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thought.

Question 13

Leaning perspective

Answer 13

A psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a persons or animals actions, it includes behaviorism and social-cognitive learning theories.

Question 14

behaviorism

Answer 14

an approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment and prior experience as determinants of behavior.

Question 15

cognitive perspective

Answer 15

a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior.

Question 16

sociocultural perspective

Answer 16

a psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behaviour

Question 17

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 17

a psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual such as inner forces, conflicts or the movement of instinctual energy.

Question 18

Humanist psychology

Answer 18

a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential rather that the scientific understanding and assessment of behavior.

Question 19

feminist psychology

Answer 19

a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes.

Question 20

psychological practice

Answer 20

providing health or mental-health services

Question 21

basic psychology

Answer 21

the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application.

Question 22

applied psycholgy

Answer 22

the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance, also, the applications of psychological findings.

Question 23

psychotherapist

Answer 23

unregulated person who does any kind of psychotherapy

Question 24

psychoanalyst

Answer 24

a person who practices psychoanalysis, has obtained specialize training at a psychoanalytic institute and has undergone extensive psychoanalysis personally.

Question 25

psychiatrist

Answer 25

a medical doctor who has completed a five year residency in psychiatry to learn how to diagnose and treat mental disorders under the supervision of more experience physicians.