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anatomy > PSYCH: Biology + Neuroscience > Flashcards

PSYCH: Biology + Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A
  1. Neurons, which act as main communicators
  2. Glia cells, which support functions in the nervious system.
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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Extensions of the membrane of the cell body and they RECEIVE chemical messages from many other neurons.

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3
Q

T or F: Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal

A

True

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4
Q

Negatively charged ions inside the neuron cause the neuron to have a charge of -70mV. This state is reffered to as ____________.

A

Polarized.

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5
Q

Depolarization occurs when…

A

positive particles enter the neuron, moving it away from the state of being polarized.

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6
Q

State the order of polarization in an action potential:

A
  1. The neuron is “polarized”
  2. The neuron is depolarized
  3. The neuron reaches its action potential
  4. Neuron repolarizes
  5. Neuron may get hyperpolarized
  6. Neuron reaches resting state
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7
Q

Why do neurons depolarize?

A

Due to the influx (in-take) of Na^+ ions, the neuron starts to depolarize.

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8
Q

Some neurotransmitters are _______ while others are _________.

A

excitatory (agonist), inhibitory (antagonist)

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9
Q

The sending neuron is also referred to as __________.

A

The pre-synaptic neuron

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10
Q

The receiving neuron is also referred to as _________.

A

The post-synaptic neuron

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11
Q

What happens when an inhibitory neurotransmitter binds with its receptor?

A

The inhibitory neurotransmitter opens a Cl^- channel, making the neuron more negative, making it inactive.

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12
Q

What happens when an excitatory neurotransmitter binds with its receptor?

A

The excitatory neutransmitter opens a Na^+ channel, making the neuron more positive, activating it.

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13
Q

What are the four main types of Glia cells?

A
  • Schwann cells (myelin sheath)
  • Oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
  • Astrocytes (immune system of brain)
  • Microglia (immune system of brain)
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14
Q

Efferent axons

A

Transmit and carry information away from the CNS

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15
Q

Afferent axons

A

Transmit and carry information towards the CNS

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16
Q

Neo-cortex

A

Conscious processing/decision making

17
Q

Medulla

A

Breathing, blood pressure, coughing, swallowing, vomiting.

18
Q

Damage to the brainstem can be fatal because:

A

It could affect clusters of neurons that regulate heart and breathing.

19
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Neuroplasticity is the brains ability to adapt its structure in order to respond and survive in its environment. This is what allows us to learn new things.

20
Q

The Peripheral nervous system is split into which two categories?

A
  • Somatic (voluntary)
  • Autonomic (involuntary)
21
Q

The autonomic nervous system is split into which categories?

A

Sympathetic (Fight-or-flight) and Parasympathetic (Rest-and-Digest)

22
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobes
  • Parietal lobes
  • Occipital lobe
23
Q

Where is the Primary visual cortex located?

A

Occipital lobe

24
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal lobes

25
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

26
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Frontal lobe

27
Q

What are executive functions of the parietal lobes?

A

Navigation, sense of space, math, etc.

28
Q

What are executive functions of the temporal lobes?

A

Forming memory, Recognizing faces, music, some aspects of language

29
Q

What are functions of the occipital lobes?

A

Processing of complex visual information

30
Q

T or F: The left hemisphere controls the left side of the body

A

False, it controls the right side

31
Q

In a split brain patient, if a truck is flashed to the right visual field, what would the patient say?

A

Truck!

32
Q

In a split brain patient, if a truck is flashed to the left visual field, what would the patient say?

A

Ion see nun

33
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Circuits in the posterior temporal lobes that seem necessary for language processing.

34
Q

The cerebellum (back of head) controls what functions?

A

Coordination of movement

anatomy (18 decks)

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