bones and CT Flashcards
How do merocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?
Merocrine glands secrete via exocytosis, the cells are not altered at all.
How do holocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?
Holocrine cells accumulate their products within them until the cells rupture. You can say they ‘die’ for their cause
How do apocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?
Apocrine cells sit just beneath the surface and accumulate their products, they eventually ‘pinch off’ a part of the cell and repair them.
What are the four types of tissue?
CT proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
What are the five main functions of CT?
Supporting and binding, protecting, insulation, transporting substances, and storing reserve fuel.
Connective tissue is composed largely of non-living ____________________.
Extracellular matrix
Connective tissue all arise from _____________.
Mesenchyme (a type of embryonic tissue).
What are the three main components of connective tissue?
Ground substance, fibers, and cells
___________ is the unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains fibers.
Ground substance
List the three types of fibers found in CT
Elastic, Reticular, and Collagen
What types of fibers form ‘fuzzy nets’ that surround capillaries and the basement membrane?
Reticular fibers
Fibroblasts turn into ______ in CT Proper when they mature.
Fibrocytes
Chondroblasts turn into _______ in cartilage when they mature.
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts turn into _______ in bones when they mature.
Osteocytes
What are the two main categories of CT Proper?
Loose CT + Dense CT
In Loose CT, list the three types of CT.
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
In Dense CT, list the three types of CT.
-Regular
-Irregular
-Elastic
True or False: Areolar CT stores fat in adipocytes.
True! Areolar CT stores fat in adipocytes like adipose CT.
List three functions of Areolar CT
- Wraps and cushions organs
- Phagocytize bacteria
- Important role in inflammation
Adipose tissue consists of ______ % of the body’s overall mass
18%
Which layer of the skin is adipose tissue mostly found?
subcutaneous tissue
Reticular tissue is made of what type of fiber? What type of cells?
Reticular fiber. Reticular cells (fibroblasts) sit on the network of reticular fibers.
Dense regular CT holds what type of fiber?
Collagen
What are chondroblasts?
Chondroblasts, the predominant cell type in growing cartilage, produce new matrix until the skeleton stops growing at the end of adolescence.
Where are chondrocytes typically found?
Chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells) are typically found in small groups within cavities called lacunae
List the three types of cartilage:
- Hyaline cartilage (the goat)
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage is found:
Ends of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilages of ribs, and embryonic skeleton.
Elastic cartilage is found:
Ears, epiglottis.
Fibrocartilage is found:
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joints
Osteoblasts secrete a calcium binding protein referred to as ________.
osteoid
Osteocytes work on bone ________.
remodelling
True or false: Osteoclasts work on bone resorption
false
