bones and CT Flashcards

1
Q

How do merocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?

A

Merocrine glands secrete via exocytosis, the cells are not altered at all.

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2
Q

How do holocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?

A

Holocrine cells accumulate their products within them until the cells rupture. You can say they ‘die’ for their cause

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3
Q

How do apocrine glands secrete? Are their secretory cells altered in any way?

A

Apocrine cells sit just beneath the surface and accumulate their products, they eventually ‘pinch off’ a part of the cell and repair them.

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4
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

CT proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

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5
Q

What are the five main functions of CT?

A

Supporting and binding, protecting, insulation, transporting substances, and storing reserve fuel.

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6
Q

Connective tissue is composed largely of non-living ____________________.

A

Extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Connective tissue all arise from _____________.

A

Mesenchyme (a type of embryonic tissue).

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8
Q

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance, fibers, and cells

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9
Q

___________ is the unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains fibers.

A

Ground substance

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10
Q

List the three types of fibers found in CT

A

Elastic, Reticular, and Collagen

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11
Q

What types of fibers form ‘fuzzy nets’ that surround capillaries and the basement membrane?

A

Reticular fibers

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12
Q

Fibroblasts turn into ______ in CT Proper when they mature.

A

Fibrocytes

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13
Q

Chondroblasts turn into _______ in cartilage when they mature.

A

Chondrocytes

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14
Q

Osteoblasts turn into _______ in bones when they mature.

A

Osteocytes

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15
Q

What are the two main categories of CT Proper?

A

Loose CT + Dense CT

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16
Q

In Loose CT, list the three types of CT.

A
  • Areolar
  • Adipose
  • Reticular
17
Q

In Dense CT, list the three types of CT.

A

-Regular
-Irregular
-Elastic

18
Q

True or False: Areolar CT stores fat in adipocytes.

A

True! Areolar CT stores fat in adipocytes like adipose CT.

19
Q

List three functions of Areolar CT

A
  • Wraps and cushions organs
  • Phagocytize bacteria
  • Important role in inflammation
20
Q

Adipose tissue consists of ______ % of the body’s overall mass

A

18%

21
Q

Which layer of the skin is adipose tissue mostly found?

A

subcutaneous tissue

22
Q

Reticular tissue is made of what type of fiber? What type of cells?

A

Reticular fiber. Reticular cells (fibroblasts) sit on the network of reticular fibers.

23
Q

Dense regular CT holds what type of fiber?

A

Collagen

24
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

Chondroblasts, the predominant cell type in growing cartilage, produce new matrix until the skeleton stops growing at the end of adolescence.

25
Q

Where are chondrocytes typically found?

A

Chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells) are typically found in small groups within cavities called lacunae

26
Q

List the three types of cartilage:

A
  • Hyaline cartilage (the goat)
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
27
Q

Hyaline cartilage is found:

A

Ends of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilages of ribs, and embryonic skeleton.

27
Q

Elastic cartilage is found:

A

Ears, epiglottis.

28
Q

Fibrocartilage is found:

A

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joints

29
Q

Osteoblasts secrete a calcium binding protein referred to as ________.

A

osteoid

30
Q

Osteocytes work on bone ________.

A

remodelling

31
Q

True or false: Osteoclasts work on bone resorption

A

false