Biology: Topic 9

Question 1

T or F: Bacteria lack histone proteins.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Differentiate between gram positive and gram positive bacteria.

Answer 2

gram negative —> resistant to antibiotics —> have additional outer membrane –> include E. coli and plague.

gram positive —> usually susceptable to antiobiotics due to lack of outer membrane —> include tetanus

Question 3

Define commensalism

Answer 3

Symbiotic relationship where an organism benefits but the other is not helped or harmed. For example, the microbiome in the gut of humans,

Question 4

What are the for phases of the bacterial growth phase?

Answer 4

• Lag phase
• Log phase
• Stationary phase (nutrient is limiting growth)
• Death phase (nutrient is limiting growth

Question 5

What are the three methods of DNA release/exchange by bacteria?

Answer 5

• Conjugation
• Transduction
• Transformation

Question 6

List the steps of conjugation

Answer 6

• F+ cell joins a pilus to a F- cell
• mating. bridge is formed
• A plasmid is transferred from donor to the receiver

Question 7

what’s the F-factor

Answer 7

contains genes required to make the pilus

Question 8

List the steps of transduction

Answer 8

• lil spider infects the the bacteria and shoots his genes inside (infection)
• genes start to replicate and mix with bacteria genes
• bacteria splits open and shoots out more spider guys (lysis)
• spider with original bacteria dna infects another bactera (dissemination)
• bacteria #2 genes mix with bacteria #1 genes

Question 9

List the steps of transformation

Answer 9

• The bacteria that gets transformed permeabalizes its membrane
• the bacteria with the wanted plasmid breaks open and cums out its plasmid (lysis)
• the plasmids isolate from the bacteria (isolation)
• the plasmids move into the bacteria that gets transformed
• bam recombinant bacteria