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Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Alar Plate

A

Differentiates to Sensory neurons

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2
Q

Basal Plate

A

Differentiates to motor neurons

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3
Q

Order of brain development

A

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

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4
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Spreading and unspreading arms when falling

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5
Q

Family studies

A

Cannot distinguish between genetics (use twin studies) - Use them to distinguish between families + population

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6
Q

Sympathetic Nervous Response

A

Fight or Flight:

  1. Increase Heart Rate
  2. Dilate Bronchial tubes
  3. Muscles contract
  4. Pupils dilate
  5. Decrease stomach movement/secretions
  6. Release adrenaline
  7. Increase glycogen to glucose conversion
  8. Contract bladder
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7
Q

Parasympathetic response

A 
Constrict Pupils
Increase stomach movement
Increase saliva
Increase urine output
Decrease heart rate
constrict bronchial tubes
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8
Q

Retrograde Memory

A

Memories before the event

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9
Q

Anterograde Memory

A

Memories after the event

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10
Q

Ambient Stressor

A

Chronic environmental stressors that cannot be changed (or are perceived as such)
Ex - Economy, climate change

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11
Q

Acute Stressor

A

Present over short period of time

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12
Q

Microstressor

A

Small hassles - coworkers, traffic

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13
Q

Crisis

A

Sudden, rare occurence - natural disaster, war

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14
Q

Self-esteem, Self-image, Self-perception

A

Esteem - judgment of one’s own value or self worth - can be affected by others
Image - internalizing all judgments others have
Perception - Person develops their OWN attitude towards their OWN actions
SELF-PERCEPTION Not dictated by others

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15
Q

Reward Pathway AKA

A

Mesolimbic pathway + Nucleus Accumbens —

Dopamine

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16
Q

Nigrostriatal bundle

A

Associated with Parkinson’s Disease

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17
Q

If a two-year-old says, “Water go,” to which the parent responds, “Yes, the water goes down the drain.” The parent is using which strategy?

A

Expansion

Expansion is restating in a linguistically sophisticated form what a child has said

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18
Q

Libido

A

Energy created by survival and sexual instincts

Libido is part of the id and is the driving force of all behavior

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19
Q

McConnell’s Brainwashing in 3 steps:

A

Isolation, dependency, reward.

A form of operant conditioning, shaping.

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20
Q

Jump of eye from one point to another called:

A

Saccade,

Not spasm

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21
Q

Limen aka

A

Threshold

Sublimen = Below threshold

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22
Q

Asch study of conformity realization:

A

A lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform

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23
Q

Low-Ball technique

A

Get an individual to agree to a request then you increase the original terms to ask for more

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24
Q

Immediately before sleep, larger and slower waves are called:

A

Alpha waves

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25
Q

Hypnic jerk

A

A jerk of a muscle right as a person is about to fall asleep

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26
Q

Multiple personality disorder begins during:

A

Childhood as a result of unbearable experiences

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27
Q

Semantics

A

The meanings of words and phrases in a particular context

Different from semantic (aka factual) memory

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28
Q

Absolute thresholds depend on:

A

Energy necessary to stimulate a sensory receptor to trigger an action potential

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29
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory Physiology

A

Thalamus sends a message to brain to trigger Affective and Physiological response to stimulus

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30
Q

Social statics vs. Social dynamics

A 
Statics = how things held together 
Dynamics = how society changes over time
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31
Q

Order of scientific method

A

Ask a question –> Background research –> construct hypothesis –> test hypothesis by experiment –> Analyze/draw conclusions –> Communicate results

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32
Q

Informed consent necessary when:

A

Subjects may be exposed to risk of research greater than the risks of everyday life

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33
Q

Positivism

A

Theory that laws are best understood as social rules, valid because they are enacted by authority or derive logically from existing decisions.

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34
Q

Morbidity

A

Disease Rate

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35
Q

According to differential association theory, how is deviance learned?

A

Through interactions with others
Differential association is when an individual bases their behaviors by association and interaction with others. This is most often studied in the analysis of learned deviance such as learned criminal behavior.

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36
Q

Mediating Variable

A

One that explains the relationship between the two other variables
“Education between social status vs. testicular exams.” If you take away education effect, relationship disappears
Think “Cause”

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37
Q

Confounding Variable

A

One that is not of interest to the researcher but is related to both variables
**If it can be explained, it is not a confounding variable

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38
Q

Moderating Variable

A

May dictate the strength of correlation between the two variables
“Age between social status vs. testicular exams”
Age moderates, but if you take away age, the correlation still exists
Think “Effect”

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39
Q

Cross’ Nigrescence Model

A

1st - Pre-encounter - AA’s view Caucasion culture as desirable and unquestionable (Anti-Black)
2nd - Immersion-Emersion (post encounter) - Anti-White, intense black involvement
3rd - Internalization - Black Nationalist, Biculturalist, (Middle Ground)

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40
Q

Attrition Bias

A

Participants drop out of a long-term study or experiment

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41
Q

Reconstructive Bias

A

Memory related - subjects don’t remember times of high stress well

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42
Q

Social desirability bias

A

Understate undesirable behavior and answer in a socially acceptable way

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43
Q

Selection Bias

A

How are people chosen to participate in the survey?

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44
Q

Distress, Eustress, Neustress

A

Distress = negative stress
Eustress = Positive stress - challenging but motivating
Neustress - Neutral stress - doesn’t active affect you – News of disaster

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45
Q

Informational Social influence

A

Conforming by turning to others for information about what is correct

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46
Q

Identification

A

Conform because you respect or like the person who exhibits that behavior

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47
Q

Internalization

A

Individual publicly AND PRiVATELY conforms and accepts the behavior

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48
Q

Compliance

A

Individual publicly conforms but PRIVATELY DISAGREES

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49
Q

Schachter-Singer

A

3 Distinct Steps:
Physiological + Cognitive (label it) –> Emotion
2 factor theory (JL is 1 factor)

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50
Q

James-Lange

A

Physiological –> Emotion

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51
Q

Cannon-Bard

A

Physiological = Emotion

SIMULTANEOUSLY

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52
Q

Lazarus

A

Cognitive –> Emotion + Physiological simultaneously

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53
Q

Stroop effect

A

Hard to read color red written in green

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54
Q

Construct validity

A 
Degree to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring
"Black" and "White" are they social class or race?
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55
Q

Conflict theory can be used for… and not…

A

Social class conflict, NOT Race Conflict

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56
Q

Socialization

A

How individual attitudes are shaped by social factors

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57
Q

Sterotyping vs. Discrimination

A 
Discrimination = behavioral action
Stereotyping = cognitive action
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58
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

both options are appealing

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59
Q

Avoidant-Avoidant conflict

A

both options unappealing

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60
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict vs. Double Approach-avoidance conflict

A

One option has both positive and negative aspects

Double = 2 options, each with both positive and negative aspects

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61
Q

Example of double approach-avoidance conflict

A 
Jury, 2 outcomes with 2 outcomes each, 1 positive 1 negative
Punish a criminal = Approach
Punish innocent = avoidant
Set free criminal = Avoidant
Set free innocent = Approach
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62
Q

Asch’s conformity experiment

A

Solomon Asch conducted an experiment investigating the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could influence a person to conform. Asch used confederates who were instructed to give clearly incorrect answers regarding the lengths of various lines. He then measured the number of times each unknowing participant conformed to the majority view. In Asch’s study, the confederates never provided an explanation for their choices to the group.

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63
Q

Harlow’s Monkey Experiments

A

Used real monkey mothers vs. fake monkey mothers

Emotional attachments formed with real mothers led to emotional stability later in life

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64
Q

Folkway

A

Norms that are not strictly enforced – Breaking speed limit

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65
Q

More

A

Strictly Enforced Norms, great moral significance

– Murder, religion

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66
Q

Taboo

A

Extremely negative Norm - illegal but brings REVULSION if violated
- INCEST, murder

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67
Q

Anomie

A

Social instability caused by erosion of standards and values

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68
Q

Parallel Play

A 
In preschool (age 4 ish) - when a child is playing alone but sees another child and adjusts their behavior in response
Later on, children will play together more
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69
Q

Reliability vs. Validity

A

Same as Precision vs. Accuracy
Reliability = Precision
Validity = Accuracy

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70
Q

Face Validity

A

Does the test measure what it claims to measure

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71
Q

Construct Validity

A

Does the test relate to underlying theoretical concepts?

Construct validity for a test for intelligence depends on a model or theory of intelligence.

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72
Q

Concurrent Validity

A

Test corresponds to something that is already known (IQ test score based on past but similar IQ Tests)

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73
Q

Predictive Validity

A

Predicts something that will occur in future (like SAT high scorers will graduate college more frequently) – If it is true, then the test has predictive validity

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74
Q

Symbolic Interactionist perspective - Careful when comparing

A

Different from functionalism

Symbolic interactionalists will be influenced, and their daily life, choices, and interactions with others are affected.

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75
Q

Are health choices a more or folkway?

A

A more, since a person may be shunned if they do not seek medical help.
A folkway is like speeding or holding the door open (minor minor minor)

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76
Q

Types of kinship

A 
Consanguineal = Based on blood - biological son
Affinal = Basis of marriage - merging children from previous marriages
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77
Q

T/F: Median age ~ Quality of life

A

True, they positively correlate

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78
Q

Harlow Monkeys takeaway:

A

Their trauma cannot be corrected by putting them with the cloth mother later in life

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79
Q

Anomies associated with:

A

Rapid changes in society
Low levels of income
High heterogeneity
(Lots of people of different backgrounds leads to no homogeneous mores/folkways/taboos)

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80
Q

Negativity bias vs. Positivity bias

A

Negativity: Focus on only negative things
Positivity: Focus on only positive things

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81
Q

External validity

A

Degree to which findings of a study are generalizable to population as a whole
Look at size/representativeness of sample

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82
Q

Internal validity

A

Can causal conclusions be drawn from a study?

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83
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Animal behaves in a way that ensures propagation of its genes

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84
Q

Death Always Brings Definite Acceptance

A

Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

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85
Q

Condition for operant conditioning

A

Shaping is to Give a reward AFTER a BEHAVIOR is performed

Only AFTER and only when a BEHAVIOR is performed

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86
Q

Activation-Synthesis hypothesis

A

DREAMS
Differences in neuronal activity of the brainstem during waking and REM sleep
DREAMS result from brain activation during REM sleep

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87
Q

General adaption syndrome

A

Alarm Reaction - Mobilize resources, adrenaline, fight or flight
Stage of Resistance - cope with stressor - large resistance, cortisol release to redistribute glucose
Stage of Exhaustion - Reserves depleted, giving up, open to sickness,

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88
Q

House money effect

A

People are usually risk averse, but if the money is not “theirs” they are less risk averse

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89
Q

Gambler’s fallacy

A

If it’s been heads 10x in a row it HAS to be tails the next time…

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90
Q

Prisoner’s dilemma

A

Two completely rational individuals may not cooperate, even if in their best interests to do so

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91
Q

Ratio level of measurement

A

There are a lot of quantitative responses at spaced intervals, and you CAN score 0
NOT yes/no questions
NOT opinion based

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92
Q

Integration vs. Marginalization vs. Separation vs. Assimilation on Old and New Cultures

A 
Integration = Identify with both
Marginalization = Reject both
Separation = Reject new, maintain native
Assimilation = Reject native, interact with new
93
Q

What is involved in unconscious thought

A

id, superego mostly

ALSO ego to a small extent

94
Q

Subjective norms

A

Perceived social pressure to engage or not to engage in a behavior

95
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Thoughts feelings and behaviors and environment all interact to determine our actions.
Skeptic’s views can shift if attends seances, and interacts with people there.

96
Q

Formal vs. informal sanction

A

Official reward or law = formal

Media ridicule/social pressure = informal

97
Q

Up-focused organization

A

Business only to provide returns to shareholders

= Ideal bureaucracy

98
Q

Thinning vs. Fading

A

Thinning - Stop rewarding as often

Fading - Stop Prompting as often

99
Q

Dual coding hypothesis

A

Easier to remember images and words together than either one alone

100
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

Idea that speakers of different languages utilize different cognitive processes
ex. Finnish people don’t think about time the same way

101
Q

Hippo wearing HAT

A 
Limbic System:
Hypothalamus - ANS, endocrine control
Hippocampus - memories
Amygdala - aggression
Thalamus - sensory relay
102
Q

ABC model of attitude

A

Affective - I love Yoga
Behavior - I will do Yoga
Cognitive - Yoga helps me relax

103
Q

Elaboration Likelihood model

A

For Persuasion
Central - based on arguments
Peripheral - based on attractiveness/status of persuader

104
Q

Looking Glass Self

A

Person’s self grows out of perspective of others

One internalizes bias/stigma towards himself

105
Q

Ecological Validity

A

How well an experiment can be applied to outside SETTINGS - Different from external validity

106
Q

Types of Schizophrenia

A

Paranoid (NORMAL COG FUNCTIONING) -auditory hallucinations about persecution/conspiracy
Catatonic - Disturbances in movement - impaired cog
Undifferentiated - could be many things
Disorganized - disorg. of though processes, large impairments in daily life

107
Q

Differential association theory

A

Criminals are bad because they are exposed to bad things.

Take a child and put them in an affluent family = No exposure to crime = reduced crime

108
Q

Referent power

A

Someone with referent power exerts control by appealing to people’s desire to belong to a group
For peripheral route processing

109
Q

If you can’t form new long-term memories, can you still be affected by proactive interference given false facts about people you know?

A

Less so, because these new facts cannot be made into long term memories, and proactive interference is from long term interfering with short term

110
Q

Confabulation

A

Making up memories to fill gaps and then believing those memories to be true

111
Q

Free choice reduction of conflict

A

Person has a binary choice, once they make a decision the change their belief to be more congruent with decision

112
Q

Post-decisional conflict

A

In Cognitive Dissonance when a person is conflicted after behaving against their attitude

113
Q

Explicit vs. Implicit attitudes

A 
Implicit = What you think unconsciously
Explicit = Conscious attitudes, quotes, outward views
114
Q

Attribute Substitution

A

Using heuristics, intuition, maybe priming - instead of reflective system

115
Q

Cataplexy

A

Strong emotion or laughter causes physical collapse but you’re still conscious

116
Q

Hypnagogic vs. Hypnopompic

A 
Hypnagogic = going to sleep
Hypnopompic = waking up
117
Q

Base rate fallacy

A

Judgment based on new specific information instead of already known information

118
Q

Gemeinschaft

A

Social relations between individuals - close personal ties

119
Q

Gesellschaft

A

Impersonal ties - 2ndary circle

120
Q

Cognitive Neoassociation Theory

A

Negative feelings and experiences are the main cause of anger and angry aggression

121
Q

Echopraxia

A

Meaningless repetition or imitation of movements

122
Q

Echolalia

A

Meaningless repetition of spoken words

123
Q

Michelangelo phenomenon

A

Interdependent individuals influence and “sculpt” each other

124
Q

Blueberry phenomenon

A

Interdependent individuals bring out the worst qualities in each other

125
Q

Dysomnia vs. Parasomnia

A 
Dysomnia = trouble getting to sleep
parasomnia  = trouble during sleep
126
Q

Conformity increases/drops when:

A

Conformity decreases when:
Answers are private
Not unanimous

Increases when:
Face social pressure
Want to belong to group

127
Q

Primary vs. Secondary reinforcers

A 
Primary = Need to survive biologically
Secondary = Conditioned = money, grades, TOKENS, praise
128
Q

Door-in-Face vs. Foot-in-Door

A 
Door-in-Face = Big request reject to small request accept
Foot-in-door = Small request leads to big request
129
Q

Strain theory

A

Society puts pressure for people to achieve socially accepted goals - leads to strain since they may lack the means, leads to crimes being committed

130
Q

Anima and animus

A 
Anima = unconscious of woman
Animus = unconscious of man
131
Q

Jung vs. Freud

A

Freud is about childhood and sexual gratification

Jung is about a range of behaviors, past and future, and repressed memories from individual and ancestral past

132
Q

Kinsey scale

A

how homosexual/heterosexual are you?

133
Q

Piaget’s

A

Sensorimotor - Object permanence
Preoperational - Egocentrism, symbolic
Concrete operational - Conservation
Formal Operational - Abstract ideas

134
Q

Kohlberg’s

A

Preconventional - Obedience vs. punishment, exchange
Conventional - Good Boy, conformity, law and order
Post-Conventional - Social contract (law+order not perfect), Universal ethical principle (own set of principles)

135
Q

Attribution theory

A

Internal v. External
Self-controlled or external factors
Stable v. Unstable
Unchanging factors or temporary factors

136
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Good things = internal talent

Bad things = bad external luck

137
Q

post hoc fallacy

A

since Y happened after X, Y must have been caused by X

138
Q

Content validity

A

Degree to which a test measures all facets of a given social construct

139
Q

Criterion validity

A

Degree to which a measure is related to an outcome

Can be Concurrent or Predictive validity

140
Q

Pygmalion effect

A

Higher expectations leads to increase in performance

Different from hawthorne effect

141
Q

Erikson’s Stages of development

A

1 - bun - rust - trust vs. mistrust
2 - shoe - wheels - autonomy vs. shame
3 - Tree - Inn + Quilt - Initiative vs. Guilt
4 - Dinosaur - Dust - Industry vs. Inferiority
5 - Dive - Dents car - Identity vs. ID Confusion
6 - Sticks - sticks kissing - Intimacy vs. isolation
7 - Heaven - Generativity vs. Stagnation
8 - Plate - Grits + Pair - Ego Integrity vs. Despair

142
Q

Behaviorist theory

A

People learn from conditioning, namely operant and classical conditioning

143
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

People are influenced by unconscious desires and beliefs

Sexually

144
Q

Can you do experimental studies with psych subjects?

A

Yes as long as there is informed consent

145
Q

Ion channels in the cochlea are gated how? (Hair cells moving)

A

Mechanically gated, Mechanorepectors!

146
Q

Can you perform CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTAL studies with subjects?

A

You can’t give them a condition, that’s not ethical

147
Q

Is human stress response specific to a type of stressor?

A

No it is not, General adaption syndrome is not specific

148
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordinated motor task

149
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is also known as:

A

Linguistic Relativity, Linguistic determinism

150
Q

Nativist theory

A

Humans are innately programmed to learn and develop language

151
Q

Order of memory

A

Sensory, Short term, Working, long term

152
Q

Impulsive responding

A

Misread question — Impulsive responding is distractedness of ADHD children, not a good thing

153
Q

Reference Group

A

A group that you want to associate with and emulate the attitudes and behaviors of

154
Q

Larger vs. Smaller groups stability

A

Larger groups more stable but less intimate

Smaller groups less stable but more intimate

155
Q

Opponent Process Theory

A

Cell can only detect one color at a time because two colors oppose each other
OR
As drug use increases, tolerance develops, leads to withdrawal

156
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Still images moving fast - perceive as continuous motion

157
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Highly detailed snapshot of memory where surprising/consequential news was heard

158
Q

Schema - Assimilation vs. Accomodation

A 
Assimilation = New info changed to fit into old schemata
Accomodation = modify old schemata to fit new info
159
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Using stereotyped image of category to fit problems into

160
Q

Type I vs. Type II Error

A

Type I = incorrect reject null hypothesis

Type II = False null hypothesis

161
Q

Fluid vs. Crystallized intelligence

A 
Fluid = Problem solving and relationships between ideas
Crystallized = facts, experiences, accumulated knowledge
162
Q

Prosody

A

Rhythm, cadence, inflection

163
Q

Primary Appraisal vs. Secondary Appraisal of stress

A 
Primary = initial identification of threat
Secondary = Can the organism cope with the threat
164
Q

Arousal theory of motivation

A

there is an optimal arousal amount - Yerkes Dodson law

165
Q

Drive reduction theory of motivation based on

A

Primary drives = survival

Secondary = Money, other shit

166
Q

Prototype willingness model

A

Behavior is mediated by both intention/expectation and willingness

167
Q

Functional attitudes theory

A

Attitudes serve 4 functions:
Knowledge - know others behavior
Ego expression - wear shirt
Adaption - behave in a socially accepted way
Ego defense - Justify actions and self esteem

168
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Behavior learned by observation and imitation

169
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

Characterized by avoidance of stress by escaping from one’s identity
eg. Fugue = new identity
amnesia
identity disorder

170
Q

Normative vs. informational conformity

A 
Normative = wanting to be liked/accepted
Informational = wanting to be right
171
Q

Stages of change theory for behavior

A

Precontemplation > Contemplation > Determination > Action > Maintenance > Termination

172
Q

Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive development theory

A

Internalization of various aspects of culture drives cognitive development

173
Q

Jungian Persona vs. Shadow

A 
Persona = what we present to the world
Shadow = Unpleasant and bad thoughts in our consciousness
174
Q

Covariation model

A

We make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave a certain way

175
Q

Projection Bias

A

Overestimate how much others agree with you

176
Q

Role Strain vs. Role Conflict

A 
Strain = Multiple requirements of one role hard
Conflict = Expectations of multiple roles
177
Q

System for Multiple Level Observation of Groups (SYMLOG)

A

Dominance vs. Submission
Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
Instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive

178
Q

Prevalence vs. Incidence

A

Prevalence is overall cases of illness per population in given time
Incidence is NEW CASES per population in given time

179
Q

Factorial experiment

A

Design has 2+ factors, and all possible combinations of those are tested (design of experiments)

180
Q

Convergent validity

A

Extent to which two constructs that are supposed to be related are related

181
Q

Discriminant Validity

A

Extent to which concepts that are NOT supposed to be related are actually NOT related

182
Q

Subjective validation bias

A

A person will consider a statement or piece of info correct if it has any personal meaning or significance to them

183
Q

Implicit bias

A

From attitudes/stereotypes that unconsciously affect our judgement

184
Q

Criteria for causality

A

Strength, Consistency, Specificity, Temporality (cause/effect timing), Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, Alternative explanations

185
Q

Negative vs. Positive symptoms

A 
Negative = lack of something (emotion apathy)
Positive = presence of something (hallucination)
186
Q

What brain parts are involved in learning and attention?

A

Frontal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus

NOT HYPOTHALAMUS

187
Q

Memory aging symptoms

A

Cannot: Aquire new declarative info, control memory processes
Can: Retrieve general information (Crystallized intelligence not affected)

188
Q

Agents of socialization

A

Transmit VALUES and BELIEFS about acceptable behaviors:

eg. Popular culture, schools, family, religion, media

189
Q

Proximal vs. Distal stimuli

A 
Proximal = Those stimuli that reach your senses
Distal = Those stimuli out in the world around you, it can contribute to a proximal stimulus
190
Q

Partial report technique

A

Show 3 rows, if asked to recall 1 row, you’ll get it every time

191
Q

Operational span testing

A

Tests working memory - do a math problem, then say a word, then repeat and count how many words can remember

192
Q

Psychophysical discrimination testing

A

Direct assess perception of stimuli in relation to true physical properties.
Overstate or understate – Threshold testing, etc

193
Q

How is motivational state determined in operant conditioning?

A

Depriving subject of desirable stimulus item for a period of time

194
Q

Is remembering your childhood residence semantic or episodic memory?

A

If it is YOUR childhood, it is episodic

195
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Id, Ego, Superego

196
Q

Social epidemiology

A

Study of the social and cultural factors to disease patterns in populations

197
Q

Cultural capital vs. Ascribed Status vs. Achieved status vs. Social Capital

A

Cultural Cap = Knowledge, skills, education
Ascribed status = born into status
Achieved status = after lots of work status
Social capital = ability to use social network to advantage

198
Q

MRI vs. fMRI vs. PET vs. CT

A 
MRI = magnets --> Bone, fluids, cartilage
fMRI = blood flow to areas
PET = Tracks for tumors by tracking radioactive glucose
CT = Similar to MRI but less detail and uses radiation -- Like a nice nice Xray
199
Q

Correlation vs. Causation

A

Experiment with controlled variables –> Causation/evidence

Surveys without groups/control –> Correlation

200
Q

Gamma wave (sleep)

A

High frequency waves while Awake, conscious, also DREAMING

201
Q

Beta Waves

A

Low amplitude, varying frequencies, active, busy or anxious thinking, active concentration,

202
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Lower frequency waves during wakeful relaxation with closed eyes, happen RIGHT BEFORE SLEEP

203
Q

Theta Waves

A

Low freq, low amp, during meditative, drowsy, or SLEEPING states

204
Q

Delta Wave

A

High amp, low freq, deep state 3 non-REM sleep, (Slow wave sleep)

205
Q

Stage 1 Sleep

A

Between sleep and wakefulness

Goes from ALPHA to THETA waves

206
Q

Stage 2 sleep

A

Theta Waves with sleep spindles and K complexes

207
Q

Sleep spindles

A

Burst of oscillatory activity on EEG, STAGE 2 SLEEP

208
Q

K-Complexes on EEG

A

Large event, aid in sleep based memory consolidation, STAGE 2 SLEEP

209
Q

Stage 3 sleep

A

Slow wave deep sleep, Delta waves, not responsive.

Parasomnias here

210
Q

REM sleep

A

Vivid dreams, similar to waking state on EEG, but very hard to wake GAMMA waves

211
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

Develops around 8 months

212
Q

Place theory

A

One is able to hear different pitches because sound waves trigger activity at different places in the cochleas basilar membrane

213
Q

Negative priming

A

Seeing a stimulus slows down your response (instead of speeding up - which is positive priming)

214
Q

Implicit vs. Explicit memory

A 
Implicit = effortless, procedural
Explicit = takes effort
215
Q

Neuroleptics

A

First antipsychotic drugs - treat positive symptoms but exacerbate negative ones

216
Q

Alzheimer’s disease symptoms

A

Cognitive dysfunction, verbal problems, problems with negative priming, forgetfulness

217
Q

Long-term potentiation

A

Synapses that fire more frequently become stronger

218
Q

Stressors - dependent and independent

A

Stressors are outside things that cause stress
Dependent stressors depend on other things (not oneself)
Independent stressors don’t depend on anything

219
Q

Unidirectional vs. Reciprocal relations

A 
Unidirectional = One thing affects the other, but not reverse
Reciprocal = They affect each other
220
Q

Can the same dose of morphine in a new location be less effective?

A

Yes because CONSCIOUSNESS INFLUENCES DRUG POTENCY

221
Q

Do people change their behaviors to match attitudes or vice versa?

A

False, People change their ATTITUDES to match their BEHAVIOR as part of COGNITIVE DISSONANCE RESOLUTION

222
Q

Generalized other

A

When people imagine what “people” want of them, they take the role of generalized other

223
Q

Thomas Theorem

A

Social construction

If men define something as real, it is real with its consequences

224
Q

Constructionist view of gender

A

Fluid and subject to social processes of meaning-making

225
Q

Which component of Mead’s Me and I is influenced by the generalized other?

A

The Me

226
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Bouncer for your brain, dictates conscious thoughts or not

227
Q

Within subject design

A

All subjects experience all variables

228
Q

Operationalization

A

Finding a causal relationship by manipulating a variable

MCAT Practice Tests (6 decks)

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