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MCAT Practice Tests > Chem/Phys Concentrated > Flashcards

Chem/Phys Concentrated Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Pouseuille’s Equation (Flow)

A

Flow = ΔPπr^4 / 8Lη
η = Viscosity
Radius to the 4th power

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2
Q

Relative reactivities of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

A

acyl halides > anhydrides > esters and acids > amides.

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3
Q

Alpha Decay

A

Emit an alpha particle, He nucleus

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4
Q

Beta+ Decay vs. Beta- Decay

A

Beta+ = Positon emit, proton–>neutron

Beta- = Electron emit, neutron–>proton

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5
Q

Field Strength Equation

A 
β = µI/2r
I = current
r = radius
µ = permeability of space constant
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6
Q

Standing wave equation

A

Fixed string
f = v/2L

L = length
v = velocity
f = frequency
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7
Q

Gram equivalent weight

A

Mass per acidic proton

= (Total mass) / (#protons)

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8
Q

When is fractional distillation used?

A

When compounds boiling points are within 25 degrees Celsius

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9
Q

Ethers -OR (-OCH3) are electron (donating/withdrawing)

A

Donating!
Carboxylic acids are withdrawing
if attached by O-C or N-H or C-H it is donating, if attached by C-O or N-O it is withdrawing

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10
Q

Rules for ∆G = ∆H - T∆S

A

For ∆S sign look at whether the reactants or products are more or less disordered. Positive ∆S = Decrease in organization

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11
Q

Homotropic regulation

A

Substrate AND modifier
Account for cooperativity!
Sigmoidal shape in Hb binding curve for oxygen

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12
Q

Positive control

A

Not exposed to experimental treatment but to some other treatment which produces the expected effect
(to make sure it can happen)

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13
Q

Negative control

A

A control group that is not exposed to experimental treatment –> No effect is expected

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14
Q

Suloxide group

A

R-(S=O)-R’

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15
Q

Thioketone

A

R-(C=S)-R’

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16
Q

Half life problem: 93% degraded in 100 minutes, what is approximate half life

A

0.5^4 = 6.25% ~ 7%

Therefore 4 half lives in 100 minutes, so half life = 25 minutes

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17
Q

Ka to pKa shortcut

A

4*10^5

= (5-1).(10-4) = 4.6

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18
Q

Osmotic Pressure equation

A 
п = MRT
п = Osmotic pressure
M = Osmolarity of ALL IONS (sometimes can be given)
R  = 8.314 J/mol/K
T = 273.15 K
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19
Q

Does elemental nitrogen undergo hydrolysis?

A

N2 is INERT dammit, nothing happens to that fucker

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20
Q

Hydrolysis of carbon dioxide forms___

A 
Carbonic Acid (addition of OH to CO2)
Will lower pH of water
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21
Q

Can a nitrogen be part of an amide AND an amine

A

Yes. It can be both depending on the R groups

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22
Q

R S L and D

A

R and S absolute

L and D relative

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23
Q

Galvanic cells consist of a maximum of ____ half reactions, so given more reduction potentials you should only use _____

A

2 half reactions

Only use the two that are involved in the cell reaction

24
Q

What is STP

A

273K or 0 Celsius

1 atm pressure

25
Q

Structure of Ribose

A

Furanose ring with carbon group on carbon 5

26
Q

Thin lens equation

A

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

If it asks for a ratio, give a RATIO!

27
Q

Electrolysis is exothermic or endothermic

A

Burning H2 is exothermic, so electrolysis and making it is ENDOTHERMIC

28
Q

Work function and photon energy

A

KE of proton = hf - W

W = work function

29
Q

To separate amides from carboxylic acids and amines?

A

Neutralize with NaOH, then the amides are insoluble, so add diethyl ether then evaporate it to separate the amide

30
Q

What happens in Uncompetitive inhibition

A

Vmax reduced AND Km reduced

31
Q

What are the axes on Lineweaver Burk

A

-1/Km and 1/Vmax

32
Q

Color in spectrophotometer species is determined by:

A

Delocalization of electrons (look for conjugated double bonds)

33
Q

A kinase is what type of enzyme

A

Transferase

34
Q

How to number nitrogenous bases?

A

In order of priority:

  1. Start at a nitrogen and go the direction that minimizes the number amount of nitrogens.
  2. Minimize the number of Oxygens
  3. Minimize the number on C-NH2s
35
Q

Qualitatively describe the melting point of a protein

A

When 50% of molecule is unfolded and denatured (looks like equivalence point)

36
Q

Glucose/Galactose/Fructose = Aldoses or Ketoses

A

Glucose and Galactose = Aldose

Fructose = Ketose

37
Q

Which has more H-bond acceptors Guanine or Cytosine

A

G donates to C
G has 2 NHs, 1 O
C has 1 N, 1 O, and 1 NH
Therefore Cytosine has more H-bond acceptors

38
Q

For AC Current, voltage is:

A

RMS voltage

= Vmax * Sqrt(2)/2

39
Q

Snells law – Law of refraction

A

n1v1=n2v1

n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2

40
Q

T/F Unfolding of proteins is a cooperative process

A

True - The curve is sigmoidal

41
Q

Ternary complex

A

Ternary = 3 parts

42
Q

For Purification yield

A

Match units of initial and final amounts of protein

43
Q

Acetylation is adding a what group:

A

R-(C=O)-

44
Q

Heme is a _____ with a structure of _____

A

Porphyrin with a structure of pyrrole ring

4 carbon and nitrogen – 5 member ring with 1 double bond

45
Q

Methyl groups added by _______

Hydroxyl groups added by _______

A

Methyl by transferases

Hydroxyl by oxidoreductases (hydroxylases)

46
Q

pK is what

A

The pH at which the protein is 50% folded

47
Q

What part of a wave is constant as it travels from medium to medium

A

The frequency

Wavelength, amplitude, and speed change

48
Q

When are cysteine and tyrosine and other OH and SH AAs charged

A

at pH 12+ when they are deprotonated they are -1 charge. Otherwise, at physiological, they are uncharged.

49
Q

Alpha beta and gamma phosphates

A

Gamma phosphate is the one used for phosphorylation on ATP. Alpha is closest to Adenosine

50
Q

Venturi effect

A

AKA Bernoulli’s principle, high pressure air goes to lower pressure air

51
Q

Vapor Pressure of substance highly dependent on:

A

Boiling point

52
Q

Coordinate covalent bond

A

Lewis acid-base interaction between metal cation and electron pair donor

Like Copper and 4 Waters

Coordinate ionic don’t exist!

53
Q

Henderson Hasselbach!

A

Make sure to use it when given pKa

pH = pKa + log (A-/HA)

54
Q

40 dB vs 20 dB

A

a ratio of 100:1

55
Q

Magnification equation

A

M = -i/o
M= Magnification
Negative!

If M>0 – Virtual image, diverging lens
If M<0 – Real image, converging lens

56
Q

Secondary structure determined by

A

Backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens

Backbone backbone backbone

MCAT Practice Tests (6 decks)

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