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Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Operant or Classical: Voluntary Responses

A

Operant

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2
Q

Operant or Classical: Involuntary Responses

A

Classic –> Pavlovs dogs INVOLUNTARILY salivate

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3
Q

Learning in which a particular stimulus is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward

A

Operant Conditioning

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4
Q

Target behavior is followed by removal of aversive stimulus

A

Negative reinforcement

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5
Q

Repeated application of aversive stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior

A

Punishment (be careful…its not not neg reinforcement)

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6
Q

Remove aversive stimulus = elicit behavior vs.

Repeated aversive stimulus = rid unwanted behavior

A

Negative reinforcement vs

Punishment

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7
Q

discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) = eliminates behavior

A

Extinction–> occurs in classical or operant

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8
Q

Psychiatrist is seen as a parent

A

Transference –> Patient projecting feelings about someone else onto physician

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9
Q

Patient is seen as a son

A

Countertransference –>Doctor projecting onto patient

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10
Q

Mature adults wear a ________ (mature ego defenses)

A

SASH

Sublimation Altruism Suppression Humor

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11
Q

Is suppression an immature or mature defense mechanism?

A

Mature, bahenchod.

“choosing not to worry about the big game until its time to play”

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12
Q

Teenagers aggression towards father is directed towards sport

A

Sublimation (mature)

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13
Q

Mother yells at child because husband yelled at her

A

Displacement (NOT TRANSFERRANCE BOI)

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14
Q

Fixation Vs Regression

A

Fixation: Adults remaining at a more childish level i.e. fixating on video games

Regression: Turning back maturational clock. Seen in Kids under stress i.e. new baby in the house and they start bedwetting

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15
Q

Modeling behavior after someone who has more power (but not necessarily more admired)

A

Identification

i.e. abuse victim models the douche abuser

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16
Q

describing murder in detail with no emotional response

A

Isolation (of affect) –>separating feelings from ideas/events

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17
Q

A man who wants to fuck another chick accuses his wife of cheating

A

Projection

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18
Q

Dont confuse Projection, Displacement, and Transference

A

Projection: The horny man accuses wife of cheating
Displacement: I yelled at you, so you yelled at her
Transference: Psychiatrist is seen as a parent

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19
Q

attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source

A

Projection

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20
Q

horny ass patient joins the monastery

A

Reaction formation ( you go the complete opposite way)

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21
Q

is repression voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary and immature. Can’t remember a traumatic event

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22
Q

Witholding a memory from conscious awareness

A

If Voluntary: Suppression (mature).

If Involuntary: Repression (immature)

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23
Q

What’s seen in borderline personality disorder (ego)

A

Splitting: “all the nurses are cold and harsh but alll the doctors are nice and have big dicks and hot and sexy and wet”

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24
Q

Alleviate negative feelings through unsolicited generosity

A

Mafia boss gives donation
Mature response
Altruism (sAsh)

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25
Q

who is usually the physical abuser of child

A

Biological mother. bitch ass bitch

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26
Q

who is usually the sexual abuser of child

A

a male that is known to victim

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27
Q

decreased frontal lobe volume/metabolism

A

ADHD

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28
Q

Tx of ADHD

A

Stimulants: Methylphenidate

can use Atomexitine instead of stimulants sometimes

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29
Q

Conditions associated with Tourrettes

A

ADHD, OCD

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30
Q

Tx for Tourrettes

A

Psychoeducation/behavioral therapy

For difficult tics, low-dose high potency antipsychotics (fluphenazine, pimozide), tetrabenazine, clonidine.

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31
Q

Autism: boys or girls

A

Boys more common. must present in childhood.

Rarely with special ability = Savant

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32
Q

X-linked disorder seen exclusively in girls (because males die) with language difficulties and regression: loss of development, verbal abilities, intellectual disabilities,

Ataxia, Stereotyped hand-wringing movements

A

Rett Syndrome

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33
Q

Decreased ACh, Increased Glutamate

A

Alzheimers

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34
Q

nt levels in Anxiety

A

Increased NE

Decreased GABA and 5-HT

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35
Q

Which nt is increased in Depression?

A

None.

Decreased NE, 5-HT, Dopamine

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36
Q

Which nt is increased in Huntingtons?

A

Dopamine!! (Not NE)

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37
Q

Alzheimer or Parkinson: Increased ACh

A

Parkinsons

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38
Q

Isolated increase in dopamine?

A

Schizophrenia

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39
Q

Order of loss of orientation

A

Time….Place…Person

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40
Q

Korsakoff (alcoholic) amnesia: Retrograde or Anterograde?

A

Anterograde>Retrograde

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41
Q

Define confabulation and when it is seen

A

Having false memories (detailed memory of something that never occurred. Not lying, just have a fake memory in brain due to damage).

Characteristic of Korsakoff (B1 thiamine deficiency)

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42
Q

Korsakoff triad

A

Confusion
Opthalmoplegia
Ataxia

Confabulations, personality change, memory loss (permanent) also seen

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43
Q

Inability to recall personal information after trauma. Accompanied by dissociative fugue (abrupt travel/wandering)

A

Dissociative amnesia

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44
Q

Waxing and waning level of consciousness

A

Delirium

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45
Q

Abnormal EEG: Delirium or Dementia?

A

DELIRIUM (theres no E and E like in dEmEntia)

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46
Q

most common presentation of altered mental status in inpatient setting

A

Delirium

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47
Q

Dementia Or Delirium: Irreversible

A

Dementia is irreversible (cement-ia)

Deli-reverse-ium

48
Q

Disorganized thinking, hallucinations (visual), illusions, misperceptions

A

Delirium

49
Q

T-A-DA approach

A

Tolerate, Anticipate, Don’t Agitate helpful in Delirium management

50
Q

decrease in intellectual function without affecting level of consciousness

A

Dementia

delirium = waxing and waning level of consciousness

51
Q

Acute confusional state: Delirium or dementia

A

Delirium.

Dementia is a slow, progressive illness.

52
Q

Triggers for Delirium

A

Other illness i.e. infection, trauma, substances, hemorhhage, UTI, etc.

53
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzo

54
Q

Dementia in elderly may be confused with:

A

Hypothyroidism, Depression. Measure TSH, B12 levels

55
Q

Visual vs auditory hallucinations

A

Visual: usually ass. with medical illness
Auditory: usually ass. with psychiatric illness

56
Q

hallucination occurring as aura of epilepsy or brain tumor

A

Olfactory hallucination

Gustatory also seen in epilepsy

57
Q

Tactile hallucinations (feel shit on you)

A

alcohol withdrawal, cocaine abuse

58
Q

Narcolepsy hallucinations = Hypnagogic and Hynopompic

A 
HypnaGOgic = while GOing to sleep
HypnoPOMPic = while waking up pompously
59
Q

increased dopamine, decreased _________, for a minimum period of >6months = __________

A

dendritic branching

Schizophrenia

60
Q

1st line tx for Schizo

A

Atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone)

61
Q

Schizophrenia timings:

Brief Psychotic vs Schizophreniform vs. Schizaffective

A

Brief: 2 weeks…Psychotic epi + major depression/mania

62
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

Psychotic + depressive (or manic)

Psychosis +/- mood but mood is always present with psychosis

63
Q

delusion

A

> 1 month. less than that is brief psychotic disorder.

64
Q

hypomanic episode

A

like manic but mood disturbance is more chill and doesnt cause social impairment. no psychotic features. lasts at least 4 days

65
Q

Bipolar I

A

presence of at least 1 manic episode +/- hypomanic/depressive episode

66
Q

Bipolar II

A

Hypomanic and a depressive mood

67
Q

Bipolar tx

A

mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

68
Q

milder form of bipolar lasting at least 2 years; dysthymia and hypomania

A

Cyclothymic disorder

69
Q

Define SIG E CAPS (major depressive disorder) (5/9 needed for dx)

6-12 months = usualy depressive episode

A 
Sleep disturbance
Interest loss (anhedonia)
Guilt/worthlessness
Energy loss
Concentration problems 
Appetite/weight changes 
Psychomotor retardation
Suicide risk
70
Q

Sleep disturbances in major depressive

A

Decreased: slow-wave sleep

Increased: total REM, early cycle REM, nighttime awakening, early morning waking

71
Q

Dysthmia (persistent depressive disorder)

A

milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years

72
Q

Cyclothymic vs dysthmic

A

both time period is at least 2 years

Cyclothymic: milder form of bipolar.
=Dysthymia+hypomania

Dysthymic: milder form of depressive

73
Q

Normal or atypical depression: Mood reactivity

A

Atypical depression

74
Q

Atypical depression

A

Mood reactivity, reversed vegetative symptoms (sleepy af and hungry af), leaden paralysis (heavy limbs), rejection sensitivity

75
Q

Post partum blues

A

day 3 to day 10 post partum. followup with pt.

76
Q

postpartum depression

A

within 4 weeks. depressed affect and trouble concentrating. give SSRI

77
Q

postpartum psychosis

A

thoughts of harming baby, hallucinations. tx = hospitalization and atypical antipsychotic

78
Q

can hallucinations ever be non-pathological

A

Yes beta: Normal grief…normal to hear voice of the deceased. If you only have auditory hallucination, in absence of other psychotic features, it is considered normal.

79
Q

OCD vs OC

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder: inconsistent with self belief. ass. with Tourettes

80
Q

SSRIs and clopiramine 1st line for

A

OCD

81
Q

PTSD timing

A

> 1 month

acute stress disorder is 3 days -1month

82
Q

No conscious vs. Conscious attempt to deceive

A

Not trying to deceive: Somatic Sx Disorder

Deceptive: Factitious (goal is psychological/internal)
Malingering (goal is external)

83
Q

In deception, complaints cease after achieving gain

A

Malingering (they get off work)

In factitious, they want the attention continually

84
Q

Name Factitious disorders (conscious deception)

A

Munchausen (chronic. Hx of multiple hospital admissions + willingness to undergo invasive procedure)

Munchausen by proxy (abuse)

85
Q

Name the Somatic Sx Disorders (not trying to deceive)

A

Conversion disorder
Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriac)
Somatic sx disorder

86
Q

Loss of sensory or motor function following an acute stressor

A

Conversion disorder–>especially neuro symptoms

87
Q

La belle indifference

A

Part of Conversion (somatic sxs) disorder. Pt is aware of but indifferent to sx.

88
Q

persistent health anxiety and multiple somatic symptoms/organ systems affected

A

Somatic Symptom disorder

89
Q

goal = assume sick role

A

factitious

90
Q

Personality Disorders A, B, C

A

Weird, Wild, Wacky

91
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders: Weird (Accusatory, Aloof, Awkward)

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

–>Genetic ass. with schizophrenia

92
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders: Wild (Bad to the Bone)

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic

–>Genetic ass. with mood disorders/substance abuse

93
Q

Cluster C: Wacky (Cowardly, Compulsive, Clingy)

A

Avoidant, Obsessive-compulsive, Dependent

–>Genetic ass. with anxiety disorders

94
Q

Major defense mechanism in Paranoid personality disorder?

A

Projection

95
Q

voluntary social withdrawal, content with social isolation

A

Schizoid sheeven

96
Q

Schizotypal

A

eccentric apperance/beliefs.

97
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

NOTHING TO DO WITH BEING AN ANTISOCIAL PERSON BAHENCHOD

–>Criminals/disregard for laws

98
Q

socially inhibited and desires relationship with others

A

Avoidant

schizoid doesnt care about relationship with others

99
Q

OCD or Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Pre-occupation with perfectionism, control, and order, consistent with own beliefs

A

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

100
Q

Personality disorder of those who get stuck in abusive relationships

A

Dependent

101
Q

sleep terror disorder

A

screaming in middle of night with no memory

occurs during non-REM sleep (vs. nightmares occur during REM)

102
Q

excessive daytime sleepiness associated with hallucinations

A

Hypogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations

103
Q

decreased production of __________ in the _________ = Narcolepsy (has strong genetic component)

A

Decreased hypocretin (aka orexin. a stimulatory neurotransmitter) in the Lateral Hypothalamus

104
Q

paralysis/loss of muscle tone after laughing/crying/waking etc

A

Cataplexy –> narcolepsy

105
Q

Tx for Narcolepsy

A 
Daytime stimulants (amphetamines, modanifil), 
nightime sodium oxybutate (GHB)
106
Q

Serum GGT (gammaglutaminyltransferase)

A

Sensitive for alcohol usage

107
Q

Opioid (heroin, morphine, metahdone) toxicity vs withdrawal

A

Toxicity: resp/cns depression but can also have seizures in overdose
—>Tx with Naltrexone/naloxone

Withdrawal: sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, diarhhea
—>Tx with methadone, buprenorphine

108
Q

safety margin in benzo vs barb

A

Benzo’s have a higher safety margin than barbiturates (think, barbiturates are barbaric because less safe, so even though i associate benzo’s with lots of side effects etc theyre used so much these days because safer margin)

109
Q

Benzo toxicity and withdrawal

A

Toxicity: Ataxia, minor resp depression
–>Tx = Flumeazenil (but rarely used b/c can precipitate seizures!)

Withdrawl: Sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure

110
Q

tx for cocaine toxicity

A

alpha antagonists and benzos. don’t use beta blockers

111
Q

tx for nicotine withdrawal (“smoking cessation” drug)

A

Bupoprion/varenicline (also an atypical antidepressant)

112
Q

long acting oral opiate used for heroin detox

A

Methadone

113
Q

long acting opioid antagonist for after methadone detox

A

Naltrexone

114
Q

periventricular hemorrhage/necrosis of mammillary bodies

A

caused by B1 deficiency (Wernicke Encephalopathy)…triad of confusion, ataxia, nystagmus (opthalmoplegia).

Can progress to irreversible memory loss, confabulation (fake memories), personality change = Korsakoff psychosis

115
Q

can alcoholics hallucinate?

A

yes, visual hallucinations can occur 12-48 hours after last drink (i.e. in the hospital)

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