Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Operant or Classical: Voluntary Responses

A

Operant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Operant or Classical: Involuntary Responses

A

Classic –> Pavlovs dogs INVOLUNTARILY salivate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Learning in which a particular stimulus is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward

A

Operant Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Target behavior is followed by removal of aversive stimulus

A

Negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Repeated application of aversive stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior

A

Punishment (be careful…its not not neg reinforcement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Remove aversive stimulus = elicit behavior vs.

Repeated aversive stimulus = rid unwanted behavior

A

Negative reinforcement vs

Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) = eliminates behavior

A

Extinction–> occurs in classical or operant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psychiatrist is seen as a parent

A

Transference –> Patient projecting feelings about someone else onto physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient is seen as a son

A

Countertransference –>Doctor projecting onto patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mature adults wear a ________ (mature ego defenses)

A

SASH

Sublimation Altruism Suppression Humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is suppression an immature or mature defense mechanism?

A

Mature, bahenchod.

“choosing not to worry about the big game until its time to play”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Teenagers aggression towards father is directed towards sport

A

Sublimation (mature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mother yells at child because husband yelled at her

A

Displacement (NOT TRANSFERRANCE BOI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fixation Vs Regression

A

Fixation: Adults remaining at a more childish level i.e. fixating on video games

Regression: Turning back maturational clock. Seen in Kids under stress i.e. new baby in the house and they start bedwetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Modeling behavior after someone who has more power (but not necessarily more admired)

A

Identification

i.e. abuse victim models the douche abuser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describing murder in detail with no emotional response

A

Isolation (of affect) –>separating feelings from ideas/events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A man who wants to fuck another chick accuses his wife of cheating

A

Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dont confuse Projection, Displacement, and Transference

A

Projection: The horny man accuses wife of cheating
Displacement: I yelled at you, so you yelled at her
Transference: Psychiatrist is seen as a parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source

A

Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

horny ass patient joins the monastery

A

Reaction formation ( you go the complete opposite way)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is repression voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary and immature. Can’t remember a traumatic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Witholding a memory from conscious awareness

A

If Voluntary: Suppression (mature).

If Involuntary: Repression (immature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s seen in borderline personality disorder (ego)

A

Splitting: “all the nurses are cold and harsh but alll the doctors are nice and have big dicks and hot and sexy and wet”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alleviate negative feelings through unsolicited generosity

A

Mafia boss gives donation
Mature response
Altruism (sAsh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
who is usually the physical abuser of child
Biological mother. bitch ass bitch
26
who is usually the sexual abuser of child
a male that is known to victim
27
decreased frontal lobe volume/metabolism
ADHD
28
Tx of ADHD
Stimulants: Methylphenidate can use Atomexitine instead of stimulants sometimes
29
Conditions associated with Tourrettes
ADHD, OCD
30
Tx for Tourrettes
Psychoeducation/behavioral therapy For difficult tics, low-dose high potency antipsychotics (fluphenazine, pimozide), tetrabenazine, clonidine.
31
Autism: boys or girls
Boys more common. must present in childhood. Rarely with special ability = Savant
32
X-linked disorder seen exclusively in girls (because males die) with language difficulties and regression: loss of development, verbal abilities, intellectual disabilities, Ataxia, Stereotyped hand-wringing movements
Rett Syndrome
33
Decreased ACh, Increased Glutamate
Alzheimers
34
nt levels in Anxiety
Increased NE | Decreased GABA and 5-HT
35
Which nt is increased in Depression?
None. | Decreased NE, 5-HT, Dopamine
36
Which nt is increased in Huntingtons?
Dopamine!! (Not NE)
37
Alzheimer or Parkinson: Increased ACh
Parkinsons
38
Isolated increase in dopamine?
Schizophrenia
39
Order of loss of orientation
Time....Place...Person
40
Korsakoff (alcoholic) amnesia: Retrograde or Anterograde?
Anterograde>Retrograde
41
Define confabulation and when it is seen
Having false memories (detailed memory of something that never occurred. Not lying, just have a fake memory in brain due to damage). Characteristic of Korsakoff (B1 thiamine deficiency)
42
Korsakoff triad
Confusion Opthalmoplegia Ataxia Confabulations, personality change, memory loss (permanent) also seen
43
Inability to recall personal information after trauma. Accompanied by dissociative fugue (abrupt travel/wandering)
Dissociative amnesia
44
Waxing and waning level of consciousness
Delirium
45
Abnormal EEG: Delirium or Dementia?
DELIRIUM (theres no E and E like in dEmEntia)
46
most common presentation of altered mental status in inpatient setting
Delirium
47
Dementia Or Delirium: Irreversible
Dementia is irreversible (cement-ia) | Deli-reverse-ium
48
Disorganized thinking, hallucinations (visual), illusions, misperceptions
Delirium
49
T-A-DA approach
Tolerate, Anticipate, Don't Agitate helpful in Delirium management
50
decrease in intellectual function without affecting level of consciousness
Dementia | delirium = waxing and waning level of consciousness
51
Acute confusional state: Delirium or dementia
Delirium. Dementia is a slow, progressive illness.
52
Triggers for Delirium
Other illness i.e. infection, trauma, substances, hemorhhage, UTI, etc.
53
Alcohol withdrawal
Benzo
54
Dementia in elderly may be confused with:
Hypothyroidism, Depression. Measure TSH, B12 levels
55
Visual vs auditory hallucinations
Visual: usually ass. with medical illness Auditory: usually ass. with psychiatric illness
56
hallucination occurring as aura of epilepsy or brain tumor
Olfactory hallucination | Gustatory also seen in epilepsy
57
Tactile hallucinations (feel shit on you)
alcohol withdrawal, cocaine abuse
58
Narcolepsy hallucinations = Hypnagogic and Hynopompic
``` HypnaGOgic = while GOing to sleep HypnoPOMPic = while waking up pompously ```
59
increased dopamine, decreased _________, for a minimum period of >6months = __________
dendritic branching | Schizophrenia
60
1st line tx for Schizo
Atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone)
61
Schizophrenia timings: | Brief Psychotic vs Schizophreniform vs. Schizaffective
Brief: 2 weeks...Psychotic epi + major depression/mania
62
schizoaffective disorder
Psychotic + depressive (or manic) Psychosis +/- mood but mood is always present with psychosis
63
delusion
>1 month. less than that is brief psychotic disorder.
64
hypomanic episode
like manic but mood disturbance is more chill and doesnt cause social impairment. no psychotic features. lasts at least 4 days
65
Bipolar I
presence of at least 1 manic episode +/- hypomanic/depressive episode
66
Bipolar II
Hypomanic and a depressive mood
67
Bipolar tx
mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics
68
milder form of bipolar lasting at least 2 years; dysthymia and hypomania
Cyclothymic disorder
69
# Define SIG E CAPS (major depressive disorder) (5/9 needed for dx) 6-12 months = usualy depressive episode
``` Sleep disturbance Interest loss (anhedonia) Guilt/worthlessness Energy loss Concentration problems Appetite/weight changes Psychomotor retardation Suicide risk ```
70
Sleep disturbances in major depressive
Decreased: slow-wave sleep Increased: total REM, early cycle REM, nighttime awakening, early morning waking
71
Dysthmia (persistent depressive disorder)
milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years
72
Cyclothymic vs dysthmic
both time period is at least 2 years Cyclothymic: milder form of bipolar. =Dysthymia+hypomania Dysthymic: milder form of depressive
73
Normal or atypical depression: Mood reactivity
Atypical depression
74
Atypical depression
Mood reactivity, reversed vegetative symptoms (sleepy af and hungry af), leaden paralysis (heavy limbs), rejection sensitivity
75
Post partum blues
day 3 to day 10 post partum. followup with pt.
76
postpartum depression
within 4 weeks. depressed affect and trouble concentrating. give SSRI
77
postpartum psychosis
thoughts of harming baby, hallucinations. tx = hospitalization and atypical antipsychotic
78
can hallucinations ever be non-pathological
Yes beta: Normal grief...normal to hear voice of the deceased. If you only have auditory hallucination, in absence of other psychotic features, it is considered normal.
79
OCD vs OC
Obsessive compulsive disorder: inconsistent with self belief. ass. with Tourettes
80
SSRIs and clopiramine 1st line for
OCD
81
PTSD timing
>1 month | acute stress disorder is 3 days -1month
82
No conscious vs. Conscious attempt to deceive
Not trying to deceive: Somatic Sx Disorder Deceptive: Factitious (goal is psychological/internal) Malingering (goal is external)
83
In deception, complaints cease after achieving gain
Malingering (they get off work) In factitious, they want the attention continually
84
Name Factitious disorders (conscious deception)
Munchausen (chronic. Hx of multiple hospital admissions + willingness to undergo invasive procedure) Munchausen by proxy (abuse)
85
Name the Somatic Sx Disorders (not trying to deceive)
Conversion disorder Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriac) Somatic sx disorder
86
Loss of sensory or motor function following an acute stressor
Conversion disorder-->especially neuro symptoms
87
La belle indifference
Part of Conversion (somatic sxs) disorder. Pt is aware of but indifferent to sx.
88
persistent health anxiety and multiple somatic symptoms/organ systems affected
Somatic Symptom disorder
89
goal = assume sick role
factitious
90
Personality Disorders A, B, C
Weird, Wild, Wacky
91
Cluster A Personality Disorders: Weird (Accusatory, Aloof, Awkward)
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal | -->Genetic ass. with schizophrenia
92
Cluster B Personality Disorders: Wild (Bad to the Bone)
Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic | -->Genetic ass. with mood disorders/substance abuse
93
Cluster C: Wacky (Cowardly, Compulsive, Clingy)
Avoidant, Obsessive-compulsive, Dependent | -->Genetic ass. with anxiety disorders
94
Major defense mechanism in Paranoid personality disorder?
Projection
95
voluntary social withdrawal, content with social isolation
Schizoid sheeven
96
Schizotypal
eccentric apperance/beliefs.
97
Antisocial personality disorder
NOTHING TO DO WITH BEING AN ANTISOCIAL PERSON BAHENCHOD -->Criminals/disregard for laws
98
socially inhibited and desires relationship with others
Avoidant | schizoid doesnt care about relationship with others
99
OCD or Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Pre-occupation with perfectionism, control, and order, consistent with own beliefs
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
100
Personality disorder of those who get stuck in abusive relationships
Dependent
101
sleep terror disorder
screaming in middle of night with no memory | occurs during non-REM sleep (vs. nightmares occur during REM)
102
excessive daytime sleepiness associated with hallucinations
Hypogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations
103
decreased production of __________ in the _________ = Narcolepsy (has strong genetic component)
Decreased hypocretin (aka orexin. a stimulatory neurotransmitter) in the Lateral Hypothalamus
104
paralysis/loss of muscle tone after laughing/crying/waking etc
Cataplexy --> narcolepsy
105
Tx for Narcolepsy
``` Daytime stimulants (amphetamines, modanifil), nightime sodium oxybutate (GHB) ```
106
Serum GGT (gammaglutaminyltransferase)
Sensitive for alcohol usage
107
Opioid (heroin, morphine, metahdone) toxicity vs withdrawal
Toxicity: resp/cns depression but can also have seizures in overdose --->Tx with Naltrexone/naloxone Withdrawal: sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, diarhhea --->Tx with methadone, buprenorphine
108
safety margin in benzo vs barb
Benzo's have a higher safety margin than barbiturates (think, barbiturates are barbaric because less safe, so even though i associate benzo's with lots of side effects etc theyre used so much these days because safer margin)
109
Benzo toxicity and withdrawal
Toxicity: Ataxia, minor resp depression -->Tx = Flumeazenil (but rarely used b/c can precipitate seizures!) Withdrawl: Sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure
110
tx for cocaine toxicity
alpha antagonists and benzos. don't use beta blockers
111
tx for nicotine withdrawal ("smoking cessation" drug)
Bupoprion/varenicline (also an atypical antidepressant)
112
long acting oral opiate used for heroin detox
Methadone
113
long acting opioid antagonist for after methadone detox
Naltrexone
114
periventricular hemorrhage/necrosis of mammillary bodies
caused by B1 deficiency (Wernicke Encephalopathy)...triad of confusion, ataxia, nystagmus (opthalmoplegia). Can progress to irreversible memory loss, confabulation (fake memories), personality change = Korsakoff psychosis
115
can alcoholics hallucinate?
yes, visual hallucinations can occur 12-48 hours after last drink (i.e. in the hospital)

Step 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions