Psych 5 Flashcards
When various combinations of alleles are associated with different behaviours, behavioural variation accompanies genetic variation
Genetically based behavioural variation
The extent to which they contribute to survival in the given environment
Adaptive values
The conversion of physical stimuli into electrical signals that are transferred through the nervous system by neurons
Sensation
The use of sensory information and pre-existing knowledge to create a functional representation of the world
Perception
The lowest intensity of a stimulus that can be sensed
The absolute threshold
The smallest difference that is sufficient for a change in a stimulus to be noticed
Difference Threshold
Just noticeable difference
The change required to meet the difference threshold is a certain fraction of the originally presented stimulus
Weber’s Law
Focuses on how an organism differentiates important or meaningful stimulus (signals) from those that are not of interest (noise) in an environment where the distinction is ambiguous
Signal Detection Theory
Selects sensory information for perceptual processing
Attention
The focus of attention on one particular stimulus or task at the exclusion of other stimuli
Selective Attention
Splits perceptual resources between multiple stimuli or behaviours
Divided Attention
Involves the construction of perceptions from individual pieces of information provided by sensory processing
Bottom up processing
Brings the influence of prior knowledge into play to make. Perception more efficient
Top down processing
Describes the criteria that are used to distinguish between figure and background or between objects in a group and objects out of the group
Describes the top down processing that organizes sensory information into distinct forms (objects) according to distinct regions of the sensed surroundings
Gestalt Principles: Principle of nearness Principle of similarity Principle of common region Principle of continuity Principle of closure
Type of perceptual organization that deals with the problem of distinguishing between information received by the retina and changes in the surroundings
Constancy
The interpretation of otherwise raw sensory data to produce visual perception
Visual Processing
The use of multiple pathways to convey information about the same stimulus
Parallel Processing
A type of serial processing, where increasingly complex aspects of the stimulus are processed in sequence
Feature Detection
Awareness of oneself, one’s surroundings, thoughts, and goals
Consciousness
Default state of consciousness
Alertness
Maintains daily balance between wakefulness and sleep
Regulates the body’s functions on a predictable schedule
Circadian Rhythm
Suprachiasmatic nucleus; this group of cells regulates the timing of many of the body’s circadian rhythms, such as body temperature, and are located in this part of the brain
Hypothalamus
Associated with characteristic patterns of brainwaves
The stages of sleep
Light sleep; includes alpha waves (associated with a state of wakefulness)
Stage 1 of sleep
Associated with bursts of brain wave activity that indicate full transition into sleep
Stage 2 of sleep
Delta waves are first seen, reflecting the transition into deep sleep
Stage 3 of sleep